基于半马尔可夫模型的民用航空发动机热端组件系统检查间隔优化

根据采集的民用航空发动机热端组件系统检修信息和专家对系统退化状态的判别,在系统状态退化过程为离散半马尔可夫链过程的假设前提下,分别建立了基于专家估计数据、基于检查数据以及基于融合数据的各宏观退化状态驻留时间估计模型,并应用最大似然函数法和MCMC（Markov chain Monte Carlo）法对模型参数进行估计,得到基于不同数据源的各宏观退化状态下驻留时间估计值和状态转移系数,并以一定使用周期内的检修费用最优为目标建立状态转移概率模型,仿真得到3个典型宏观退化状态下的最优检查间隔分别为1750、350、70循环。该仿真结果与目前的民航运行生产工程实际情况非常接近,可以为民航运输企业的检修决策提供客户化的决策支持并提高经济效益。      

冲压发动机进气道和掺混段节流特性数值研究

为了研究冲压发动机进气道和掺混段节流特性及其内部的复杂流动,以同试验进行对比,采用二阶迎风隐式TVD格式,内外流分区求解可压缩N S方程,数值模拟弹体,进气道和掺混段一体化通气模型复杂流场。进气道为"X"型布局二元双楔平面压缩混压式进气道,掺混段为圆形截面。计算了掺混段出口反压比pt pt∞=3 5～5 5,总压恢复系数σ,流量系数φ及流场情况。同风洞试验结果比较表明:计算结果较为合理。通过对计算结果的分析,定性讨论了该冲压发动机的节流特性和掺混段内部复杂流动状况。     

直升机旋翼桨叶截面刚度的有限元计算

本文利用线性二维截面分析模型,在方程的建立和推导中综合考虑了直升机旋翼桨叶梁的变形特点,和梁截面的面内和面外翘曲对梁截面刚度的影响。在此基础上编制了具有多个不同节点单元可用于计算各向异性材料的旋翼桨叶截面刚度的有限元软件,用复合材料盒形梁作为算例并与ＮＡＢＳＡ的结果比较表明该方法及编制的软件正确可靠。     

铝锂合金1420焊缝近缝区的性能研究

主要介绍了俄罗斯学者关于铝锂合金1420焊缝近缝区性能的研究点滴。     

弹性悬挂弯扭耦合颤振模型表面压力分布的时空特性及颤振机理分析

实际应用中,桥梁颤振稳定性可用风洞试验的结果作为评估标准,但颤振时断面的压力空间分布特征是不清楚的。本文对弹性悬挂的刚体模型在颤振时及固定时(来流风速与颤振风速一致)的表面压力进行采样,首先分析模型在颤振时的表面各部分压力特性,结果显示,右部压力相位相当于左部具有滞后性,表明是受迎风侧特征紊流影响的被动区域。随后运用本征正交分解(POD)方法分析模型表面压力分布特征与颤振发散性运动之间的关系,结果显示,所获得的本征模态中存在与颤振扭转发散运动关联极强的'主导颤振模态',该模态对总升力矩系数波动的贡献占绝对主导地位,其主坐标频率与颤振频率一致且具有与振动位移一致的发散性,但其归一化空间分布特征在断面颤振过程中不变化。结合模型在固定时的本征模态分析结果,除颤振主导模态外,其余模态均能在固定时的本征模态中找到类似空间分布的模态,且与断面发散性运动的关联性很小。本文工作为今后颤振机理分析提供了一个新的思路与方法。     

主动来流条件类平板断面气动力荷载效应分析

利用日本宫崎大学11×9多风扇主动控制来流风洞和高精度动态天平测力设备,测量了类平板断面在正弦风波来流条件三分量气动力荷载,比较了不同来流平均风速、波动幅值、脉动频率和积分尺度等参数条件下类平板断面荷载效应。报导并证实了大气边界层物理风洞固定壁面边界反射效应所产生的倍频放大效应;在获得并验证正弦风波加载离散频率荷载效应可线性迭加的有效频段区间内,初步比较了来流积分尺度和风速湍流度效应对于气动荷载效应的影响,阐明典型节段模型风洞试验结果与传统随机抖振气动力理论的差异。     

直升机旋翼桨叶外形对雷达特征信号的影响

应用一种将物理光学、等效电磁流和准静态法相结合的方法,开展旋翼桨叶外形雷达特征信号时频域谱特性的研究。首先开展翼型参数、桨尖后掠和下反角对旋翼雷达散射截面(RCS)的影响机理和响应特性分析;然后通过对比选择不同桨叶片数和桨尖后掠角时旋翼回波信号的时频域变化规律,获得实现旋翼RCS减缩的桨叶片数和强散射源分布特点,并结合时频域灰度图谱发现和提取旋翼动态RCS闪烁域出现的时机与次数。研究表明:后掠桨尖是旋翼重要的强散射源之一;采用3片或5片桨叶时旋翼的RCS峰值比4片桨叶时分别减缩2.32dB·m2和2.52dB·m2,有利于控制雷达散射回波的峰值响应;由薄翼型NACA0006构成旋翼的雷达最大探测距离是厚翼型NACA0024旋翼的38.6%和41.8%,综合隐身效果最好。     

不同出口形状S形喷管的RSC特性

采用超椭圆方法、面积变化规律及中心线变化规律设计了三种出口形状的S形喷管,结合等效边缘电磁流（EEC）法和迭代物理光学（IPO）法开发了计算程序;EEC法分析喷管出口边缘产生的绕射场对S形喷管的雷达散射截面（RCS）的贡献;IPO法分析S形喷管腔体产生的散射场对S形喷管RCS的贡献;通过对两种电磁场所产生的电磁波的矢量叠加计算S形喷管的总RCS;在此基础上,研究了3种不同出口形状的S形喷管的RCS特性.结果表明:出口形状对RCS影响较大;圆形出口是3种S形喷管中RCS最小的;相互错位的锯齿修型可有效减小喷管的RCS;喷管的S形结构设计使得全局探测角内总散射场的RCS不关于0°探测角对称,并使得最大RCS移向正探测角.      

Drop test and crash simulation of a civil airplane fuselage section

Crashworthiness of a civil airplane fuselage section was studied in this paper. Firstly, the failure criterion of a rivet was studied by test, showing that the ultimate tension and shear failure loads were obviously affected by the loading speed. The relations between the loading speed and the average ultimate shear, tension loads were expressed by two logarithmic functions. Then, a vertical drop test of a civil airplane fuselage section was conducted with an actual impact velocity of6.85 m/s, meanwhile the deformation of cabin frame and the accelerations at typical locations were measured. The finite element model of a main fuselage structure was developed and validated by modal test, and the error between the calculated frequencies and the test ones of the first four modes were less than 5%. Numerical simulation of the drop test was performed by using the LS-DYNA code and the simulation results show a good agreement with that of drop test. Deforming mode of the analysis was the same as the drop test; the maximum average rigid acceleration in test was 8.81 g while the calculated one was 9.17 g, with an error of 4.1%; average maximum test deformation at four points on the front cabin floor was 420 mm, while the calculated one was 406 mm, with an error of 3.2%; the peak value of the calculated acceleration at a typical location was 14.72 g, which is lower than the test result by 5.46%; the calculated rebound velocity result was greater than the test result 17.8% and energy absorption duration was longer than the test result by 5.73%.     

Mechanism of unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of an elliptic airfoil

Abstract The aerodynamic characteristics of elliptic airfoil are quite different from the case of conventional airfoil for Reynolds number varying from about 10~4to 10~6.In order to reveal the fundamental mechanism,the unsteady flow around a stationary two-dimensional elliptic airfoil with 16%relative thickness has been simulated using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the γ-Reθt transition turbulence model at different angles of attack for flow Reynolds number of 5×10~5.The aerodynamic coefficients and the pressure distribution obtained by computation are in good agreement with experimental data,which indicates that the numerical method works well.Through this study,the mechanism of the unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil is analyzed and discussed based on the computational predictions coupled with the wind tunnel results.It is considered that the boundary layer transition at the leading edge and the unsteady flow separation vortices at the trailing edge are the causes of the case.Furthermore,a valuable insight into the physics of how the flow behavior affects the elliptic airfoil’s aerodynamics is provided.