北美与东亚中纬地区电离层TEC变化的EOF建模和分析

考察了北美(30°N-50°N, 140°W-50°W)与东亚 (42.5°N-57.5°N, 65°E-140°E) 中纬地区电离层总电子含量 (TEC)的变化. TEC数据来自美国喷气动力实验室(JPL)约15年的全球电离层图 (Global Ionospheric Map, GIM)数据. 利用经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Functions, EOF)得到上述两地区前三阶本征模及相关时间系数, 分别约占TEC 总变化的99.57%和99.79%. 结果表明, 两地区前三阶EOF分量所表现出的TEC变 化基本一致. 第一阶EOF分量表现为受太阳活动调制的半年变化; 第二阶EOF 分量表现为关于零磁偏线的经向电子浓度东西不对称结构, 计算表明该结构 与受地磁偏角控制的热层纬向水平风引起的等离子体向上漂移密切相关; 第三 阶EOF分量表现为磁倾控制的热层子午向风引起的等离子体向上漂移影响.     

Modelling ionospheric vertical drifts over Africa low latitudes using Empirical Orthogonal functions and comparison with climatological model

For the first time, empirical model of daytime vertical $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ drift based on Empirical Orthogonal functions (EOF) decomposition technique is presented. Day-to-day variability of $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ drift inferred from horizontal (H) geomagnetic field data around dip latitude for the period of 2008–2013 is used to both develop and validate the model. Results show that the EOF technique is promising with modelled values and data giving correlation coefficient values of at least 0.90 for geomagnetic conditions of both $K_p?3$ and $K_p>3$ within 2008–2013. Independent model validation shows that in situ $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ values from ion velocity meter (IVM) instrument on-board C/NOFS satellite are closer to model $\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}$ estimates than the climatological Scherliess-Fejer (SF) model incorporated within the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI).     

Study of parachute inflation process using fluid–structure interaction method

A direct numerical modeling method for parachute is proposed firstly, and a model for the star-shaped folded parachute with detailed structures is established. The simplified arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian fluid–structure interaction(SALE/FSI) method is used to simulate the inflation process of a folded parachute, and the flow field calculation is mainly based on operator splitting technique. By using this method, the dynamic variations of related parameters such as flow field and structure are obtained, and the load jump appearing at the end of initial inflation stage is captured. Numerical results including opening load, drag characteristics, swinging angle, etc. are well consistent with wind tunnel tests. In addition, this coupled method can get more space–time detailed information such as geometry shape, structure, motion, and flow field. Compared with previous inflation time method, this method is a completely theoretical analysis approach without relying on empirical coefficients, which can provide a reference for material selection, performance optimization during parachute design.     

基于DOE优化湍流模型的SERN分离点预测数值模拟与实验验证

在SERN(Simple expansion ramp nozzle)中,流动分离现象伴随着激波/边界层相互干扰、强剪切层、强激波等复杂的流动现象,导致通用的计算流体力学软件对SERN中分离点、分离区和再附点的计算精度不能满足工程需要。为了提高SERN中分离点的计算精度,基于Allamaprabhu等的研究成果,针对Menter的SST(Shear stress transport)模型,将修改湍流模型经验参数的方法运用到SERN分离流动的预测中,并利用试验设计(Design of experiment,DOE)优化方法得到了经验参数的最优组合,使计算和实验的无量纲分离点和无量纲分离点压力的误差分别降至1.99%,4.38%,压力分布均方根误差降至7.83%。     

基于CEMD的旋翼微动目标杂波抑制方法

针对旋翼微动目标杂波抑制问题,研究了一种基于复数据经验模态分解（CEMD）的微动目标杂波抑制方法。首先,建立了地杂波背景下的旋翼微动目标信号模。然后,根据杂波和微动信号在时频域的差异性,基于CEMD和Gabor变换,通过新定义的不同本征模态函数（IMF）的能量所占总能量的比重,选择出微动信号占优所对应的几个IMF分量,并基于这些IMF对旋翼微动目标进行时域和时频域重构,实现旋翼微动目标和杂波的分离,达到抑制杂波提取微动目标回波的目的。最后,与常规杂波抑制方法进行了对比,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Comparison of the observed and modeled low- to mid-latitude thermosphere response to magnetic activity: Effects of solar cycle and disturbance time delay

The performance of JB2008 and NRLMSISE-00 models, in describing the response of the thermosphere to magnetic activity are evaluated against total mass density retrieved from accelerometer measurements made onboard CHAMP satellite during 5 years. We show that the global low- to mid-latitude disturbance amplitude is correctly described by the JB2008 model for low solar activity conditions and by both the JB2008 and the NRLMSISE-00 models for high solar activity conditions. For low solar activity conditions, statistics based on almost 3 years of data confirm the large underestimation by the NRLMSISE-00 model quantified by Lathuillère et al. (2008) for the year 2004. We also found that the time delay between low- to mid-latitude global thermosphere disturbance and magnetic activity is statistically well estimated by the NRLMSISE-00 and JB2008 models for disturbed conditions. For moderately disturbed conditions however, the time delay estimated by the JB2008 model is too large by about 3 h. For very disturbed conditions, we found different time delays during day-time and night-time, using new geomagnetic proxies with a 30-min time resolution.     

磁暴期电离层离子上行能通量的统计关系研究

利用FAST卫星1997 － 2006年34个磁暴期149个轨道的观测数据,分析不同相位上行通量数量级,研究不同相位离子上行能通量与地磁活动Sym-H指数和Kp指数,以及注入的Poynting通量之间的关系,构造上行通量经验模型。研究结果表明：磁暴主相期间,上行离子能通量可超过108 eV·cm–2·s–1·sr–1·eV –1量级,初相和恢复相期,上行离子能通量可超过107 eV·cm–2·s–1·sr–1·eV –1量级,主相期能通量均值普遍高于初相和恢复相;磁暴初相期间,上行离子能通量与Sym-H、Kp以及Poynting通量成显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.890、0.664和0.660;磁暴主相期间相关系数分别为0.858、0.823和0.541。以磁暴主相为例,上行离子能通量与Sym-H和Poynting通量的经验公式为\begin{document}$ {J}_{{i}^{+}}={10}^{5.324 \pm 0.581}\times {\left(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{m}{\text{-}}H\right)}^{1.465 \pm 0.340} $\end{document},$ {J}_{{i}^{+}}={10}^{6.469 \pm 0.798}\times {{S}_{\mathrm{d}\mathrm{c}}}^{0.888 \pm 0.703} $。初相期间,由于地磁扰动时能量快速注入,电离层离子迅速获能,上行离子能通量与地磁扰动指数呈现较高的相关性,同时主相期上行离子能通量的增幅跨越两个量级;向下的Poynting通量导致的焦耳耗散是离子获能的重要来源之一,因此上行离子能通量与Poynting通量有较强的相关性。恢复相期间地磁活动趋于平静,上行离子能通量低于主相期的能通量。     

Monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta,Vietnam using time-series MODIS data

Information on rice growing areas is important for policymakers to devise agricultural plans. This research explores the monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta, Vietnam (from 2001 to 2007) using time-series MODIS NDVI 250-m data. Data processing includes three steps: (1) noise is filtered from the time-series NDVI data using empirical mode decomposition (EMD); (2) endmembers are extracted from the filtered time-series data and trained in a linear mixture model (LMM) for classification of rice cropping systems; and (3) classification results are verified by comparing them with the ground-truth and statistical data. The results indicate that EMD is a good filter for noise removal from the time-series data. The classification results confirm the validity of LMM, giving an overall accuracy of 90.1% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.7. The lowest producer and user accuracies were associated with single crop rain-fed rice class due to the mixed pixel problems. A strong yearly correlation at the district level was revealed in the MODIS-derived areas (R² ? 0.9). Investigation of interannual changes in rice cropping intensity from 2001 to 2007 showed a remarkable conversion from double to triple crop irrigated rice from 2001 to 2003, especially in the Thoai Son and Phu Tan districts. A big conversion from triple crop rice back to double crop rice cultivation was also observed in Phu Tan from 2005 to 2006. These changes were verified by visual interpretation of Landsat images and examination of NDVI profiles.     

Discretized Miller approach to assess effects on boundary layer ingestion induced distortion

The performance of propulsion configurations with boundary layer ingestion (BLI) is affected to a large extent by the level of distortion in the inlet flow field. Through flow methods and parallel compressor have been used in the past to calculate the effects of this aerodynamic inte-gration issue on the fan performance;however high-fidelity through flow methods are computation-ally expensive, which limits their use at preliminary design stage. On the other hand, parallel compressor has been developed to assess only circumferential distortion. This paper introduces a discretized semi-empirical performance method, which uses empirical correlations for blade and performance calculations. This tool discretizes the inlet region in radial and circumferential direc-tions enabling the assessment of deterioration in fan performance caused by the combined effect of both distortion patterns. This paper initially studies the accuracy and suitability of the semi-empirical discretized method by comparing its predictions with CFD and experimental data for a baseline case working under distorted and undistorted conditions. Then a test case is examined, which corresponds to the propulsor fan of a distributed propulsion system with BLI. The results obtained from the validation study show a good agreement with the experimental and CFD results under design point conditions.     

EMD滤波在捷联惯导晃动基座初始对准中的应用

为了实现晃动基座情况下光纤捷联惯性导航系统的高精度初始对准,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)法去噪的抗干扰初始对准算法。该算法在凝固惯性系下进行姿态更新,以反映载体在晃动干扰下的姿态变化,从而消除角运动干扰的影响;并针对EMD法的不足对其进行改进,然后对加速度计的输出进行去噪,以消除线运动干扰的影响。结果表明:改进后的EMD法具有良好的去噪效果,基于EMD法去噪的抗干扰初始对准算法具有角运动和线运动的干扰抑制能力,能够实现晃动基座下的高精度抗干扰初始对准。