Advances in fabrication of ceramic corundum abrasives based on sol–gel process

Corundum abrasives with good chemical stability can be fabricated into various free abrasives and bonded abrasive tools that are widely used in the precision machining of various parts. However, these abrasives cannot satisfy the machining requirements of difficult-to-machine materials with high hardness, high strength, and strong wearing resistance. Although superhard abrasives can machine the above-mentioned materials, their dressing and manufacturing costs are high. By contrast, ceramic corundum abrasives fabricated by sol–gel method is a cost-effective product between conventional and superhard abrasives. Ceramic corundum abrasives exhibit self-sharpening and high toughness. In this review, the optimization methods of ceramic corundum abrasive properties are introduced from three aspects: precursor synthesis, particle shaping, and sintering. Firstly, the functional mechanism of seeds and additives on the microstructural and mechanical properties of abrasives is analyzed. Specifically, seeds can reduce the phase transition temperature and improve fracture toughness. The grain size and uniformly dense structure can be controlled by applying an appropriate amount of multicomponent additives. Then, the urgent need of engineering application and machinability of special shape ceramic corundum abrasives is reviewed, and three methods of abrasive shaping are summarized. The micromold replication technique is highly advanced and can be used to prepare functional abrasives. Additionally, the influence of a new sintering method, namely, two-step sintering technique, on the microstructural and mechanical performance of ceramic corundum abrasives is summarized. Finally, the challenge and developmental trend of the optimization of ceramic corundum abrasives are prospected.     

Machining of a film-cooling hole in a single-crystal superalloy by high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling

Single-crystal superalloys are typical advanced materials used for manufacturing aeroengine turbine blades. Their unique characteristics of high hardness and strength make them exceedingly difficult to machine. However, a key structure of a turbine blade, the film-cooling hole,needs to be machined in a single-crystal superalloy; such machining is challenging, especially considering the increasing levels of machining efficiency and quality demanded by the aeroengine industry. Tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling(TSECDD), a hybrid technique of high-speed electrical discharge drilling and electrochemical machining, provides high machining efficiency and accuracy, as well as eliminating the recast layer. In this study, TSECDD is used to machine a film-cooling hole in a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy(DD6). The Taguchi methods of experiment are used to optimise the machining parameters. Experimental results show that TSECDD can effectively drill the film-cooling hole; the optimum parameters that give the best performance are as follows: pulse duration: 12 ls, pulse interval: 30 ls, peak current:6 A, and salt solution conductivity: 3 m S/cm. Finally, a hole is machined by TSECDD, and the results are compared with those obtained by electrical discharge machining. TSECDD is found to be promising for improving the surface quality and eliminating the recast layer.     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

基于SMP机群的航空CFD并行技术应用研究

针对SMP机群的双层并行体系结构,研制出一种双层并行技术--在计算节点间采用MPI消息传递模式并行,而在计算节点内部采用OpenMP编译器指令模式并行.通过算例测试证明,采用该技术的航空CFD程序,并结合贪婪负载平衡分配技术进行并行计算,其效率可达94%,计算结果与实验值吻合.     

2.4米跨声速风洞大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究

针对大展弦比飞机的气动布局特点,在2.4米跨声速风洞中开展了大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究。该项研究建立了大升阻比高精度天平设计技术和模型支撑系统设计平台,研制了专用大升阻比高精度测力天平和模型支撑系统。在国内高速风洞中建立了大型跨声速风洞模型设计新准则。研究结果表明:所提出和制定的方案是科学合理的,为我国大飞机研制提供了可靠的技术支撑。     

对转压气机转差特性试验与数值研究

为了探索对转压气机流场特性,积累相关设计经验,本文进行在前后级转子等转速压比和效率特性试验基础上,着重进行了前后级转子不同转差下的特性实验。同时,借助CFD技术,辅助分析了转差对压气机特性及流场的影响。结果表明,转差变化引起压气机性能与流场结构发生显著变化,是影响压气机性能的主要因素之一。     

改进的电热除冰系统仿真

建立了电热除冰系统矩形微段的二维简化物理模型,采用焓法模型建立相变导热问题的微分控制方程,用控制容积法对该模型的控制方程及其边界、初始条件进行离散,使用块修正技术对原有的离散方程组的求解方法进行了改进,得到各个时刻的温度分布及冰的融解情况.计算结果与文献实验结果吻合,验证了改进的算法和程序的正确性.并计算分析了时间步长的选择、网格的划分对计算结果的影响.      

包含平均旋流的圆环管道声传播的模态分析

通过对三维线化欧拉方程的特征模态分析,研究包含平均旋流情况下声波在敷设声衬的圆环管道中的传播.特征模态分析采用谱配置方法计算轴向波数谱及扰动量的分布.当有平均旋流存在时,特征模态谱主要包括近/纯声模态和近/纯对流模态,旋流的存在甚至会改变传播模态个数,从而改变声波传播截止特性.在验证程序正确性的基础上,研究流动参数及声衬对声模态及对流模态的影响.      

基于模型的转子系统不平衡量的估计

采用基于模型的方法对转子系统的不平衡量进行估计,首先记录初始状态下的振动信号,然后根据实时测得的不平衡响应信号,得出差值振动信号,联立转子系统的动力学方程,得出不平衡等效载荷,根据等效载荷,得出不平衡的位置、相位及大小.采用模态扩展技术实现由有限几个点的振动响应获取所需点上的响应.由于噪声的影响,提出了基于高斯小波的降噪方法.仿真与实验结果表明,这一方法能够比较准确地估计出转子系统的不平衡量.