Passive cooling of superconducting magnetic systems in space

The equilibrium temperature of a system in space can be lowered by a suitable choice of its geometry and its attitude. This remark is important for devices based on medium temperature and high temperature superconducting materials, and offers the possibility of their fully passive cooling without or with a marginal recourse to active systems. General parameterizations are given and simple schemes discussed. The adopted geometrical configuration and the attitude can enhance the role of passive cooling of the large superconducting magnetic systems required for protecting from ionizing radiation manned habitats in deep space. A specific example based on MgB₂ cable for protecting large volume habitats (500 and 1000 m³) is treated. The systems can be run in deep space at equilibrium temperatures around 20 K mainly by passive cooling, provided that their geometry and attitude would be suitably chosen.     

Dependence of the F-region peak electron density (foF2) on solar activity observed in the equatorial ionospheric anomaly region in the Brazilian sector

The long-term (solar cycle) changes in the Sun and how it affects the ionospheric F-region observed at São José dos Campos (23.2° S, 45.9° W), Brazil, a location under the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly, have been investigated in this paper. The dependence of the F-region peak electron density (foF2) on solar activity during the descending phase of the 23rd solar cycle for the periods of high, medium, and low solar activity has been studied. The ionospheric F-region peak electron densities observed during high and medium solar activity show seasonal variations with maxima close to the equinox periods, whereas during the low solar activity the maxima during the equinox periods is absent. However, during the low solar activity only change observed is a large decrease from summer to winter months. We have further investigated changes in the different ionospheric F-region parameters (minimum virtual height of the F-region (h′F), virtual height at 0.834foF2 (hpF2), and foF2) during summer to winter months in low solar activity periods, 2006–2007 and 2007–2008. Large changes in the two ionospheric parameters (hpF2 and foF2) are observed during summer to winter months in the two low solar activity periods investigated.     

矩形冷却槽道内煤油热裂解过程数值研究

高马赫数下超燃冲压发动机煤油再生冷却过程中易发生热裂解反应导致结焦,因此有必要在冷却通道中开展热裂解过程研究。基于热裂解反应产物试验结果建立了一步热裂解总包反应,对煤油在冷却槽道中超临界流动换热以及热裂解过程展开了三维数值模拟研究,将固壁的传热和槽道内流动反应进行耦合计算,与三种不同热流密度的实验工况对比。结果表明,在热裂解反应发生以前,两相流模型的温度分布和实验数据吻合得很好,但随着燃油温度升高到450℃,燃料开始发生复杂的化学反应,两者开始出现偏离,温度越高,偏离越大。在引入热裂解反应模型之后,高温区域的温度显著降低,和实验结果吻合。热流密度越大,裂解反应率加剧,煤油反应转化率增大。煤油在弯折冷却通道中温度分布不对称。     

超临界压力下正十烷流动传热的数值模拟

为了深入理解主动再生冷却过程中碳氢燃料的超临界传热特性,基于SIMPLE算法建立了数值模拟方法,考虑了碳氢燃料物性随温度的剧烈变化,并利用电加热管实验结果验证了计算方法。针对超临界压力下细管道内正十烷的流动传热现象进行了系统的数值计算研究,考察了计算网格无关性和超临界流动传热过程中的压力效应。结果表明:网格选择与正十烷的状态有关;在超临界压力下,较低的正十烷压力引起临界温度附近的努赛尔数减小,导致传热效率下降;目前常用的传热经验公式在正十烷临界区域附近与数值计算结果差别较大。     

旋转状态气膜换热机理的数值研究

大涡模拟研究了旋转对单孔平板气膜冷却的影响,气膜出流的雷诺数为2600,吹风比为0.5,计算了静止和旋转数为0.02两种状态的流动和换热,从湍流结构演化的角度讨论了旋转状态气膜换热的机理.结果表明:①发卡涡是决定气膜换热的主要湍流结构,旋转状态发卡涡的形状和运动规律主要受哥氏力的影响;②气膜在哥氏力作用下向高半径方向偏...     

基于新型涡轮冷却算法的航空发动机性能计算模型

针对气膜冷却和对流冷却两种常用的冷却方式,建立了新的涡轮冷却计算模型,并实现了与燃气涡轮发动机总体性能计算模型的耦合,得到了可考虑的不同冷却方式、适用于高涡轮前温度、大冷气量的燃气涡轮发动机总体性能计算模型,并与简化涡轮冷却模型的计算数据及试验数据作比较分析,表明新型涡轮冷却算法的可行性和能够提供更详细的涡轮部件气流参数.     

一种小型化高密集电子设备集成结构设计方法

电子设备结构设计是设备研制过程的重要环节,对保证设备性能、可靠性起着至关重要的作用.本文以地面测试设备设计为例,对小型化、高密集集成结构设计方法进行介绍,详细说明了这一设计方法在地面测试设备中的具体应用及验证.工程实践表明:小型化、高密集集成结构设计方法能够高效、可靠地完成结构设计功能要求,具有较大的推广应用价值.     

舰载导弹红外射频导引头电磁兼容设计

采用分层与综合设计法对舰载战术导弹导引头的有源器件选型,印制板、接地、屏蔽、滤波和瞬态骚扰抑制等电磁兼容（EMC）设计进行了研究。分析了各层次传导和辐射的电磁兼容性,给出了设计策略及某导引头壳体电子设计与仿真结果。研究对改善整个导引头的电磁兼容性设计有一定的参考价值。     

某型导弹发射车部分电路的抗干扰分析

对某型导弹发射车上产生的干扰进行了简要分析 ,找出了产生干扰的几种主要原因 ,提出了抑制干扰的几种措施 ,指出了设计是提高抗干扰性能的关键。针对导弹发射车上产生干扰的特殊性 ,结合元器件的特性 ,从硬件与软件设计上提出了一些抗干扰的具体措施和建议。