高超声速球模型尾迹电子密度试验研究

在中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速所弹道靶上利用电子密度测量系统进行了高超声速钢球模型、铜球模型尾迹电子密度测量.电子密度测量系统由8mm微波干涉仪系统、开式微波谐振腔测量系统和闭式微波谐振腔测量系统组成.钢球模型直径φ10mm,速度分别为5. 8、5. 5、5. 6和5. 5km/s,对应的飞行环境压力分别为2. 79、5. 32、5. 85和10. 91kPa.铜球模型直径φ10mm,速度分别为5. 6、5. 6、5. 7和5. 5km/s,对应的飞行环境压力分别为1. 33、4. 79、5. 89和10. 91kPa.结果表明:(1)在压力5. 3~1lkPa范围内、速度约5. 5km/s试验条件下,压力越高,钢球模型的尾迹电子密度相应增大,电子密度的衰减速度较快;(2)在压力1. 3~6kPa范围内、速度约5. 6km/s试验条件下,压力越高,铜球模型的尾迹电子密度相应增大,电子密度的衰减速度较慢;(3)在压力约10. 7kPa、速度5. 5km/s试验条件下,铜球模型的尾迹电子密度衰减速度比钢球模型慢得多.     

高焓风洞中带翼钝锥体尾流电子密度的测量与分析

报道了在爆轰驱动高焓激波风洞中开展带尾翼钝锥体电子密度测试的相关研究工作进展.试验气流为4km/s,密度为0.001kg/m3.诊断尾翼对尾流的影响时,为不影响流场并获得足够的空间分辨率采用针状静电探针;实验结果给出带尾翼模型对尾流电子密度影响的定量结果及受影响的空间区域.     

模型烧蚀对尾迹电子特性影响的计算和实验研究

 基于气动物理研究的需要,针对高焓风洞的来流特点,采用计算和实验相结合的方法研究聚丙烯烧蚀对尾迹电子密度的影响。结果表明：计算结果可以有效模拟实验状态,电子密度的模拟精度有很大提高,误差在一个量级内;聚丙烯烧蚀可以降低尾迹的电子密度,但幅度不大,在2倍左右,其与选择模型材料的催化特性降低幅度相当;对电弧风洞的成功改进和非稀薄流静电探针诊断技术的应用,是尾迹电子密度测试的前提保障。     

Stationary non-Gaussian random vibration control: A review

This paper presents a review of the various methods for the stationary non-Gaussian random vibration control. Random vibration tests can be divided, according to the number of exciters, in single-shaker tests and multiple-shaker tests. In the stationary non-Gaussian random vibration test, the time and frequency domain characteristics of the responses should be controlled independently and simultaneously. Skewness and kurtosis are usually selected as the non-Gaussian time control references (targets) while power spectral density is the frequency domain control procedure before it recalls the concepts of non-Gaussianity. Then, the generation of a one frame stationary non-Gaussian random signal for both the single and multiple shakers are reviewed. The commonly used methods for the single non-Gaussian random signal generation in the random vibration test are memoryless nonlinear transformation, phase modification and Filtered Poisson process. For the multiple-shaker case, the sequential phase modification and memoryless nonlinear transformation are used to generate one frame coupled multi-channel non-Gaussian random signal. In order to obtain a stationary and consecutive dynamic input, the time domain randomization procedure is introduced with high computational efficiency and its influences on the skewness and kurtosis are analyzed. Finally, two existing problems in the non-Gaussian random vibration control are addressed.     

不同强度磁暴期间热层大气密度响应特征分析

利用CHAMP卫星数据,对2002-2008年12个不同强度磁暴事件期间的热层大气密度变化特征进行分析,并研究对应磁暴期间大气模式NRLMSISE-00分布特征.结果表明,大磁暴期间日侧大气密度峰值从高纬到低纬的时间延迟为2h,中小磁暴期间的延迟时间为3～4h;春秋季暴时大气密度分布基本呈南北对称分布,而夏冬季大气密度的分布是夏半球大于冬半球,春秋季暴时大气密度大于夏冬季;NRLMSISE-00大气模式得到的热层大气密度很好的体现了半球分布以及季节分布的特征,但模式模拟结果偏小;Dst指数峰值比ap指数峰值更能反应大气密度的变化情况.      

一种基于多维空间超球体的快速聚类算法

提出了一种基于多维空间超球体的快速聚类算法。这种算法结合密度聚类和层次聚类两种思想。首先利用密度聚类方法将小范围内的数据对象聚合成超球体,然后再按照层次聚类中的凝聚思想,根据超球体之间的位置关系产生最终聚类。实验表明,该算法对于数值型数据集不仅在效率、噪声敏感性等方面均有较好的表现,同时还可以通过诸如“双环测试”等带有刁难性的特殊测试集。以往,常常简单的以距离来刻画的数据间“相似性”,而所提出的快速聚类算法则改由超球体之间连接的紧密程度来描述这种性质。实验表明,这种修改使得算法的性能得到了很好的改善。     

再生型木塑复合材料的研究

为了充分利用城市固体废弃物中的各项资源,本项工作将固体废弃物中的高密度聚乙烯(H igh dens itypo lyethy lene,HDPE)回收后与废弃的木纤维进行复合,成功地制备出再生型木塑复合材料。研究了木纤维长度、含量以及相容剂对木塑复合材料热性能和力学性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的冲击断口形貌,分析了此类复合材料的断裂机制。结果表明:木纤维的加入使HDPE的结晶温度降低,结晶速度减慢;相容剂的加入大大改善了木纤维与基体树脂之间的界面结合。随着木纤维含量的增加,木塑复合材料的弯曲强度升高,冲击强度下降。     

A global survey of COSMIC ionospheric peak electron density and its height: A comparison with ground-based ionosonde measurements

With a network of ground-based ionosondes distributed around the world, the ionospheric peak electron density and its height measured by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites in terms of GPS radio occultation technique are extensively examined in this article. It is found that, in spite of the latitude, the mean values of the peak electron density measured by COSMIC satellites are systematically smaller than those observed by ground-based ionosondes. The discrepancy between them is dependent on the latitude, namely, it is small in low and mid-latitudes and large in high-latitude region. Moreover, statistical analysis shows that the slopes of the regression line that is best fitted to the scatter diagram of occultation-retrieved peak electron density (ordinate axis) versus ionosonde-observed peak density (abscissa axis) are universally less than one. This feature is believed to be the result of path average effect of non-uniform distribution of the electron density along the GSP ray during the occultation. A comparison between COSMIC-measured peak height and ionosonde-derived peak height hmF2 indicates that the former is systematically higher than the latter. The difference in the two can be as large as 20% or more in equatorial and low-latitude regions. This result implies that the peak height hmF2 derived from the virtual height through true height analysis based on Titheridge method seems to underestimate the true peak height. The correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde peak electron densities is analyzed and the result reveals that correlation coefficient seems to be dependent on the fluctuation of the occultation-retrieved electron density profile. The correlation will be higher (lower) for the electron density profiles with smaller (larger) fluctuations. This feature suggests that the inhomogeneous distribution of the electron density along the GPS ray path during the occultation plays an important role affecting the correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde measurements.     

Study of maximum electron density NmF2 at Karachi and Islamabad during solar minimum (1996) and solar maximum (2000) and its comparison with IRI

The monthly hourly medians of maximum electron density, N_mF₂, at two Pakistani ionospheric stations, Karachi and Islamabad, have been determined for solar minimum (1996) and solar maximum (2000) and compared with IRI predictions using the URSI coefficients. At night and pre-noon period the N_mF₂ values at both stations are almost equal during the 2 years. However, at post-noon the values at Karachi are considerably larger than those at Islamabad due to the equatorial or geomagnetic anomaly. Karachi (geomag. coord. 16.44°N, 139.08°E) lies near the region of the equatorial anomaly (+20 and −20 geomagnetic latitude), so most of the N_mF₂ values at Karachi are larger than those at Islamabad (geomag. coord. 24.46°N, 145.67°E). The maximum monthly values of N_mF₂ show a semi-annual variation at Karachi and Islamabad both during 1996 and 2000 as predicted by IRI.     

Latitudinal variation of the topside electron temperature at different levels of solar activity

A database of electron temperature (T_e) measurements comprising of most of the available satellite measurements in the topside ionosphere is used for studying the solar activity variations of the electron temperature T_e at different latitudes, altitudes, local times and seasons. The T_e data are grouped into three levels of solar activity (low, medium, high) at four altitude ranges, for day and night, and for equinox and solstices. We find that in general T_e changes with solar activity are small and comparable in magnitude with seasonal changes but much smaller than the changes with altitude, latitude, and from day to night. In all cases, except at low altitude during daytime, T_e increases with increasing solar activity. But this increase is not linear as assumed in most empirical T_e models but requires at least a parabolic approximation. At 550 km during daytime negative as well as positive correlation is found with solar activity. Our global data base allows to quantify the latitude range and seasonal conditions for which these correlations occur. A negative correlation with solar activity is found in the invdip latitude range from 20 to 55 degrees during equinox and from 20 degrees onward during winter. In the low latitude (20 to −20 degrees invdip) F-region there is almost no change with solar activity during solstice and a positive correlation during equinox. A positive correlation is also observed during summer from 30 degrees onward.