Regional 4-D modeling of the ionospheric electron density from satellite data and IRI

Accurate knowledge of the electron density is the key point in correcting ionospheric delays of electromagnetic measurements and in studying ionosphere physics. During the last decade Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become a promising tool for monitoring ionospheric parameters such as the total electron content (TEC). In this contribution we present a four-dimensional (4-D) model of the electron density consisting of a given reference part, i.e., the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), and an unknown correction term expanded in terms of multi-dimensional base functions. The corresponding series coefficients are calculable from the satellite measurements by applying parameter estimation procedures. Since satellite data are usually sampled between GPS satellites and ground stations, finer structures of the electron density are modelable just in regions with a sufficient number of ground stations. The proposed method is applied to simulated geometry-free GPS phase measurements. The procedure can be used, for example, to study the equatorial anomaly.     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝装配质量的响应曲面法建模及分析

焊缝间隙、焊缝错缝量以及搅拌针与焊缝中心的对中情况(简称焊缝对中)等三项条件作为焊缝装配质量的构成要素,对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝接头的性能有较为明显的影响。针对航天焊接结构件中常用的2219铝合金,为了能综合反映焊缝装配质量对搅拌摩擦焊缝接头性能的综合影响,利用响应面法建立了焊缝装配质量三要素与焊缝接头强度及延伸率之间的数学模型,分析了焊缝间隙、焊缝错缝量及焊缝对中对焊缝接头性能的影响情况。通过实验发现,焊缝间隙依然是影响焊缝接头性能的关键因素,而焊缝错缝量及焊缝对中会使焊缝接头性能表现出非对称性。该方法为焊缝装配质量的量化描述提供了数学模型,并且利用响应面法所获得的数学模型,可以为制定合理的焊缝装配条件提供指导依据,避免了传统针对单个装配要素进行研究的弊端,并且具有良好的工程应用前景。     

焊接导管轨迹焊新工艺

本文阐述了航空发动机导管的焊接新工艺——轨迹焊及其特点、所用的设备、工艺参数、工艺要点、以及焊接过程中易于出现的缺陷和排除方法。     

等离子体辅助电子束物理气相沉积制备热防护涂层

电子束物理气相沉积(Electrom Beam-Physical Vapor Deposition,EB-PVD)是制备航空发动机热防护涂层的一种重要技术手段。采用等离子体辅助技术可进一步实现EB-PVD涂层的结构改性和性能提升。对等离子体辅助EB-PVD技术的研究现状进行了简要综述,并对等离子体辅助EB-PVD制备航空发动机MCr Al Y抗氧化涂层、氮化物抗冲蚀涂层及YSZ热障涂层研究进行了介绍。     

基于Langmuir探针技术的空间等离子体探测方法

阐述了Langmuir探针测量空间等离子体的基本原理和方法。分析了利用Langmuir探针在空间等离子体探测应用中航天器、空间环境对探针表面污染、探针自身和其他因素对测量的影响。介绍了一种基于探针与空间等离子体同电位的等离子体电位和密度的探测方法,并给出测量原理和探针结构。     

质子和电子对光学反射镜辐射效应的研究

研究了能量为E=160keV质子和电子单独及综合辐照作用对两种空间反射镜光学表面的影响。观察到在辐照剂量达到Φ=10×105/cm2后反射镜表面形咸了明显的结构缺陷,并导致某些谱段反射率的降低和成像质量的下降。辐照诱发缺陷的类型及分布特征除与粒子种类和反射镜结构有关外,还依赖于试样的接地方式。质子幅照主要引起反射镜表面膜层的起泡现象;电子辐照则使SiO2保护膜着色;综合辐照的影响复杂,尤其是在接近于空间使用条件的第二种接地方式下,起泡现象和静电效应成为镜面损伤的主要机制。     

基于ANSYS电子束焊接高压电源倍压整流电路仿真设计

采用ANSYS对电子束焊接用高压电源的倍压整流电路进行仿真,结果表明采用全波倍压整流电路比常规倍压整流电路输出波形稳定性好,纹波系数小且电路所需的电容值小;进行输入波形振荡对输出波形影响性的分析,结果表明输入波形发生振荡会在一定程度上影响输出电压值。根据仿真结果设计了倍压整流电路并测试其输出波形,测试结果表明,所设计的电路满足要求。     

Evolution of an electron beam pulse influenced by coulomb collision effects in the solar corona

Electrons accelerated in the corona during solar activity give rise to radio emission events that can be observed over a wide range of frequencies. Among different finer-scale structures in the dynamic spectra observed in the radio range, fast transients with extents of some milliseconds known as solar radio spikes are observed accompaning the background continuum emission. Fundamental to the generation of radio spikes is a propagating electron beam and following its evolution allows us to understand the physical processes occurring in the solar corona. With the use of a numerical Fokker–Planck code we follow a previous numerical study to simulate the propagation of an electron beam pulse injected in a small region at the top of a magnetic field and outwards the solar corona under typical flare conditions. It was found that in large ambient densities of ${10}^{10}$ cm⁻³ at the injection point, Coulomb collision effects have an important effect on the propagation of the electrons, causing that the injected electrons thermalize faster in a time of $0.1$ and $0.4$ s for an electron distribution with a low-energy cut off of 16 and 7 keV respectively and a spectral index of 3. For a tenous ambient medium of density ${10}^9$ cm⁻³ thermalization occurs only for an electron distribution with smaller low-energy cut off (7 keV) with a duration of $\approx$1.5 s, while for a larger low-energy cut off (16 keV) the loss of accelerated electrons is very slow, regardles of the spectral index ($3,7$). The electron loss time by Coulomb collisions, which depends on the low boundary ambient density, might be an important parameter that influences the generation of radio spikes due to the formation of instabilities in the corona.     

2009年7月22日日全食期间电离层总电子含量变化研究

利用中国区域内五个GPS台站(一个台站处于日全食区域、四个台站处于日偏食区域)观测数据, 研究2009年7月22日日全食期间电离层总电子含量(TEC)的变化, 结果表明, 日全食期间, 电离层TEC值经历了下降和恢复的过程, 最小TEC相对于最大食偏的时间延迟约为1～10min; 台站测得最小TEC的星下点(IPP)越靠近日全食带TEC下降量越大, 在日食期间武汉站(114.35°E, 30.53°N) TEC相对于各参考日期的TEC, 其平均下降量最大, 达到4.58TECU.      

电离层效应的测时误差及其修正

电磁波经过电离层传播时会受到电离层折射的影响而产生延迟, 星载接收机探测到的时间是信号延迟之后的到达时间. 某次实验数据显示, 一些波段的瞬态电测辐射信号的群时延之差可达105ns数量级, 这在对信号源进行时差定位时是不能直接运用的. 为有效消除电离层延迟的影响, 将双频修正法应用于某项工程中, 利用接收到的实验数据求解出电离层的TEC(电离层总电子含量), 并在此基础上对信号到达星载接收机的时间进行修正. 最后,对修正结果进行了验证, 给出了误差来源.