搅拌摩擦焊技术在弹箭体贮箱锁底环缝上的应用

明确了搅拌摩擦焊技术应用于贮箱锁底环缝需要解决的关键问题。首先对熔焊锁底接头结构进行了搅拌摩擦焊工艺适应性设计,取消了背部焊漏槽和正面焊接坡口。结果表明:当叉形环位于焊缝前进侧,搅拌针长度与短壳板材厚度相当时锁底接头力学性能最优。锁底接头超声相控阵分析结果表明:存在于装配界面与焊核交界处的信号显示可以不当作缺陷信号判读。提出了采用立式帽装方式实现锁底环缝的装配焊接方案,并研制了可以保证锁底环缝装配间隙、错边、环缝平面度、贴合度以及叉形环大端周长的成套工装。实现了搅拌摩擦焊技术在Φ3 350 mm贮箱锁底环缝上的工程化应用,无损检测结果、形位尺寸符合设计要求。     

Cu含量对2219铝合金锻件及其焊接接头组织与性能的影响

采用力学拉伸实验、焊接实验、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环阳极极化曲线(Tafel)以及金相和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试方法,研究Cu含量对2219铝合金锻件组织与性能的影响。结果表明:降低Cu含量,有利于减少2219铝合金基体内的残余结晶相,并有效抑制在合金焊接过程中粗大Al_2Cu相的析出,使基材和焊件的伸长率显著提高,强度略有下降;Cu在铝基体中形成Al_2Cu相诱导合金发生局部腐蚀,使材料的耐腐蚀性能变差,降低Cu含量能够减小合金的腐蚀倾向,改善合金的耐腐蚀性能。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊后人工时效力学性能数值模拟

采用KWN模型构建搅拌摩擦焊接中Al-Mg-Si系铝合金沉淀相演化计算模型,通过将屈服强度分为晶粒大小、固溶相和析出相三部分贡献,可以计算平板搅拌摩擦焊后的屈服强度和硬度。进一步研究不同焊后人工时效条件下,焊接平板力学性能变化的机理。结果表明:更长的焊后保温时间有利于搅拌区力学性能的回复;较高的保温温度有利于搅拌区力学性能的快速回复,但是当温度高于200℃时,长时间保温会使母材软化,不利于力学性能回复;通过焊后人工时效不能明显改善热影响区的力学性能。     

F2 layer response to geomagnetic disturbances in Eastern Asia under the low solar activity

In this paper, the peculiarities of ionospheric response to geomagnetic disturbances observed at the decay and minimum of solar activity (SA) in the period 2004–2007 are investigated with respect to different geomagnetic conditions. Data from ionospheric stations and results of total electron content (TEC) measurements made at the network of GPS ground-based receivers located within the latitude–longitude sector (20–70°N, 90–160°Е) are used in this study. Three groups of anomalous ionospheric response to geomagnetic disturbances have been observed during low solar activity. At daytime, the large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) could generally be related to the main phase of magnetic storm. Quasi-two-days wavelike disturbances (WLDs) have been also observed in the main phase independent of the geomagnetic storm intensity. Sharp electron density oscillations of short duration (OSD) occurred in the response to the onset of both main and recovery phases of the magnetic storm in the daytime at middle latitudes. A numerical model for ionosphere–plasmasphere coupling was used to interpret the occurrence of LS TIDs. Results showed that the LSTIDs might be associated with the unexpected lifting of F2 layer to the region with the lower recombination rate by reinforced meridional winds that produces the increase of the electron density in the F2 layer maximum.     

Studies of electron and ion temperatures at 500 km altitude during sunrise using Indian SROSS C2 satellite

Solar dependence of electron and ion temperatures (T_e and T_i) in the ionosphere is studied using RPA data onboard SROSS C2 at an altitude of ∼500 km and 77°E longitude during early morning hours (04:00–07:00 LT) for three solar activities: solar minimum, moderate and maximum during winter, summer and equinox months in 10°S–20°N geomagnetic latitude. In winter the morning overshoot phenomenon is observed around 06:00 LT (T_e enhances to ∼4000 K) during low-solar activity and to T_e ∼ 3800 K, during higher solar activity. In summer, it is observed around 05:30 LT, but the rate of T_e enhancement is higher during moderate solar activity (∼2700 K/hr) than the low-solar activity (∼1700 K/hr). During equinox, this phenomenon is delayed and is observed around 06:00 LT (∼4200 K) during all three activities.     

The subauroral electron density trough: Comparison between satellite observations and IRI-2007 model estimates

We compare electron density predictions of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model with in situ measurements of the satellites CHAMP and GRACE for the years from 2005 to 2010 over the subauroral regions. The electron density between 58° and 68° Mlat are considered. The trough region Ne peaks during local summers and attain the valley during local winter. Around −100°E and 60°E, two larger electron density sectors features can be seen in both hemispheres during all three seasons, which attributed to the electron extending from middle latitude to trough region. From 2005 to the beginning of 2010, the model overestimates the trough region Ne by 20% on average and the decrease of Ne in this region can also be seen during the last solar minimum. In the southern hemisphere, the model prediction shows quite well consistence with the observation during all three seasons while the huge difference between observations and model estimation implies that the IRI-2007 model needs significant improvement to predict better the trough region in northern hemisphere.     

GEM-TEPC调研分析及原理研究

为对现有组织等效正比计数器进行改进,使其满足高注量率辐射场测量要求,本实验室拟研制一套基于气体电子倍增技术的宽量程TEPC。对GEM-TEPC工作原理进行研究,并对其国际发展现状进行调研,在传统的TEPC灵敏体积内引入GEM膜取代阳极丝是切实可行的,可降低微型TEPC探测器的加工难度,提高其性能。通过调研总结GEM-TEPC设计关键技术,为本实验室GEM-TEPC的研制奠定了一定基础。     

球管焊接应力应变有限元三维数值模拟

利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,对空心球与钢管焊接件的温度场和应力应变场进行了三维数值动态模拟。不同阶段具体控制措施的准确运用使焊接模拟这一复杂过程得以实现,有限元分析计算结果表明,由于钢球及钢管弧线方向不易变形,管球焊接焊缝应力水平较高,焊缝较易发生脆性破坏,合理的焊接速度与分段施焊法的应用均能有效降低焊接应力水平。     

Wave emissions at half electron gyroharmonics in the equatorial plasmasphere region: CLUSTER observations and statistics

Intense (n + 1/2) f_ce emissions are a common phenomenon observed in the terrestrial inner magnetosphere. One of their interests is their possible effect in the pitch angle scattering of plasmasheet keV-electron, leading to diffuse auroras. In this paper, we present CLUSTER’s point of view about this topic, in the equatorial region of the plasmasphere, via a statistical study using 3 years of data. Spectral characteristics of these waves, which represent an important clue concerning their generation mechanism, are obtained using WHISPER data near perigee. Details on the wave spectral signature are shown in an event study, in particular their splitting in fine frequency bands. The orbit configuration of the four spacecraft offers a complete sampling on all MLT sectors. A higher occurrence rate of the emissions in the dawn sector and their confinement to the geomagnetic equator, pointed out in previous studies, are confirmed and described with additional details. The proximity of emission sites, both to the plasmapause layer and to the geomagnetic equator surface, seems to be of great importance in the behaviour of the (n + 1/2) f_ce wave characteristics. Our study indicates for the first time, that both the intensity of (n + 1/2) f_ce emissions, and the number of harmonic bands they cover, are increasing as the observation point is located further away outside from the plasmapause layer. Moreover, a study of the wave intensity in the first harmonic band (near 3/2 f_ce) shows higher amplitude for these emissions than previous published values, these emissions can play a role in the scattering of hot electrons. Finally, geomagnetic activity influence, studied via time series of the D_st index preceding observations, indicates that (n + 1/2) f_ce emission events are observed at CLUSTER position under moderate geomagnetic activity conditions, no specific D_st time variation being required.     

盒栅式电子倍增系统在不同路径下的模拟计算研究

利用CST软件对不同路径的盒栅式电子倍增系统进行建模,将相邻打拿极的排布分为“Z”型和“U”型。模拟计算这两种最小打拿极排布单元及其衍生路径下,电子倍增系统内电场分布、电子运行轨迹和电子倍增增益的差异。模拟结果显示,不同打拿极排布下电子倍增系统内的电场分布差异不大,但电子运行轨迹和电子倍增增益差别显著。结合盒栅式电子倍增系统实际装配的合理性,通过计算分析得出打拿极排布的基本原则,并在八级打拿极结构的情况下,优化得出较合理的排布路径。