四柱式焊缝跟踪涡流传感器及其应用

研制了一种新型的四柱式焊缝自动跟踪用涡流传感器.传感器激励线圈在工件中感应出涡电流,利用测量线圈检测涡流的大小以获得焊缝位置信息,可以检测出薄板对接焊缝横向和纵向位置信息.它具有非接触、尺寸小、灵敏度高、响应速度快、并可以用于非铁磁性材料的特点,已成功地应用于焊接自动跟踪系统.对其原理、传感器探头、信号处理方法、传感器特性等进行了详细的介绍.      

Effects of different aging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloy joints welded by electron beam welding

Post-weld single aging treatment(solution treatment at 510 ℃ for 1 h, water quenching,and aging at 155 ℃ for 16 h) and post-weld double aging treatment(solution treatment at 510 ℃ for 1 h, water quenching, aging at 155 ℃ for 16 h, and aging at 130 ℃ for 12 h) are carried out on Al-Cu-Li alloy joints by electron beam welding(EBW) respectively. The effects of aging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of welded joints are investigated. Results show that the mechanical properties of welded joints are obviously improved after both aging treatments. The strength coefficient of joints is increased from 0.64 in an as-welded condition(AW) to 0.90 after post-weld double aging treatment. Microstructure analysis shows that the precipitates of the fusion zone within grains and grain boundaries are less in the AW condition. After post-weld heat treatment(PWHT), a lot of fine needle-like phases T_1(Al_2 Cu Li) precipitate in grain boundaries of the fusion zone, and more horseshoe-shaped β' (Al_3 Zr) particles precipitate within grains. In addition,grains of the fusion zone are refined after post-weld double aging treatment, which leads to an effect of grain refinement strengthening. Consequently, the mechanical properties of welded joints are greatly improved.     

Resolving electrons from protons in ATIC

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) experiment is designed for high energy cosmic ray ion detection. The possibility to identify high energy primary cosmic ray electrons in the presence of the ‘background’ of cosmic ray protons has been studied by simulating nuclear-electromagnetic cascade showers using the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation code. The ATIC design, consisting of a graphite target and an energy detection device, a totally active calorimeter built up of 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 25.0 cm BGO scintillator bars, gives sufficient information to distinguish electrons from protons. While identifying about 80% of electrons as such, only about 2 in 10,000 protons (@ 150 GeV) will mimic electrons. In September of 1999 ATIC was exposed to high-energy electron and proton beams at the CERN H2 beam line, and this data confirmed the electron detection capabilities of ATIC. From 2000-12-28 to 2001-01-13 ATIC was flown as a long duration balloon test flight from McMurdo, Antarctica, recording over 360 h of data and allowing electron separation to be confirmed in the flight data. In addition, ATIC electron detection capabilities can be checked by atmospheric gamma-ray observations.     

30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢真空电子束焊接工艺应用研究

针对锁底对接形式的30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢进行了真空电子束焊接工艺分析与讨论,借助金相分析、显微硬度、扫描电镜等测试方法对焊缝形貌、组织和性能进行了研究,并分析了常见缺陷的种类和防止措施。试验结果表明,在合适的电子束焊接参数下可以获得较为理想的30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢焊缝形貌,且具有较好的综合力学性能,焊缝经目视检查、X射线探伤和磁粉探伤,达到I级焊缝要求,并将此焊接工艺成功地应用于飞机机体产品的焊接。     

搅拌摩擦焊技术在弹箭体贮箱锁底环缝上的应用

明确了搅拌摩擦焊技术应用于贮箱锁底环缝需要解决的关键问题。首先对熔焊锁底接头结构进行了搅拌摩擦焊工艺适应性设计,取消了背部焊漏槽和正面焊接坡口。结果表明:当叉形环位于焊缝前进侧,搅拌针长度与短壳板材厚度相当时锁底接头力学性能最优。锁底接头超声相控阵分析结果表明:存在于装配界面与焊核交界处的信号显示可以不当作缺陷信号判读。提出了采用立式帽装方式实现锁底环缝的装配焊接方案,并研制了可以保证锁底环缝装配间隙、错边、环缝平面度、贴合度以及叉形环大端周长的成套工装。实现了搅拌摩擦焊技术在Φ3 350 mm贮箱锁底环缝上的工程化应用,无损检测结果、形位尺寸符合设计要求。     

Cu含量对2219铝合金锻件及其焊接接头组织与性能的影响

采用力学拉伸实验、焊接实验、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环阳极极化曲线(Tafel)以及金相和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试方法,研究Cu含量对2219铝合金锻件组织与性能的影响。结果表明:降低Cu含量,有利于减少2219铝合金基体内的残余结晶相,并有效抑制在合金焊接过程中粗大Al_2Cu相的析出,使基材和焊件的伸长率显著提高,强度略有下降;Cu在铝基体中形成Al_2Cu相诱导合金发生局部腐蚀,使材料的耐腐蚀性能变差,降低Cu含量能够减小合金的腐蚀倾向,改善合金的耐腐蚀性能。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊后人工时效力学性能数值模拟

采用KWN模型构建搅拌摩擦焊接中Al-Mg-Si系铝合金沉淀相演化计算模型,通过将屈服强度分为晶粒大小、固溶相和析出相三部分贡献,可以计算平板搅拌摩擦焊后的屈服强度和硬度。进一步研究不同焊后人工时效条件下,焊接平板力学性能变化的机理。结果表明:更长的焊后保温时间有利于搅拌区力学性能的回复;较高的保温温度有利于搅拌区力学性能的快速回复,但是当温度高于200℃时,长时间保温会使母材软化,不利于力学性能回复;通过焊后人工时效不能明显改善热影响区的力学性能。     

平板焊接变形对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊加筋板轴压稳定性能的影响

对搅拌摩擦焊加筋板筋条间平板的焊接几何变形形式进行了简化,参考Paik等人的统计分析结果给出了几何变形的幅值;采用有限元方法对结构的轴向压缩稳定性能进行数值计算,得到不同的几何变形形式对结构屈曲失稳和承载能力的影响,并分析了侧边支持条件对计算结果的影响。计算分析表明,总体上,文中定义的平板几何变形会使加筋板结构的一阶屈曲载荷增大,但会在一定程度上降低结构的承载能力;变形形式会影响结构的屈曲模态、屈曲载荷以及承载能力。     

TA15钛合金电子束焊缝形状对疲劳性能的影响研究

通过选用适当的电子束焊接工艺,可得到4种典型的电子束焊缝形状,分别为钟罩形、漏斗形、楔形和钉形。对不同焊缝形状的电子束焊接接头进行了疲劳性能试验,并利用所建立的层次分析数学模型,综合评价了焊缝形状对疲劳性能的影响。     

Generation mechanism of the whistler-mode waves in the plasma sheet prior to magnetic reconnection

The whistler-mode waves and electron temperature anisotropy play a key role prior to and during magnetic reconnection. On August 21, 2002, the Cluster spacecrafts encountered a quasi-collisionless magnetic reconnection event when they crossed the plasma sheet. Prior to the southward turning of magnetospheric magnetic field and high speed ion flow, the whistler-mode waves and positive electron temperature anisotropy are simultaneously observed. Theoretic analysis shows that the electrons with positive temperature anisotropy can excite the whistler-mode waves via cyclotron resonances. Using the data of particles and magnetic field, we estimated the whistler-mode wave growth rate and the ratio of whistler-mode growth rate to wave frequency. They are 0.0016f_ce (Electron cyclotron frequency) and 0.0086f_ce, respectively. Therefore the whistler-mode waves can grow quickly in the current sheet. The combined observations of energetic electron beams and waves show that after the southward turning of magnetic field, energetic electrons in the reconnection process are accelerated by the whistler-mode waves.