Microstructures and fatigue properties of electron beam welds with beam oscillation for heavy section TC4-DT alloy

With the development of the manufacturing technology, electron beam welding（EBW） is capable of producing titanium alloy large parts in aero fields. To increase the applications and improve the properties, EBW with beam oscillation was investigated on TC4-DT alloy with50 mm thickness. We detected the welding samples by X-ray NDT, observed the microstructures of the welds, and tested the fatigue properties of the joints. The results showed that EBW with beam oscillation improved the weld morphology as well as welding quality, and the microstructure homogeneity of the welds and HAZ along the weld penetration were also improved. The fatigue properties of the joints with beam oscillation were more excellent than those of conventional EBW, even equal to those of the base metal under high stresses. The influences of the processing and the microstructure on the properties with beam oscillation were discussed.     

霍尔推力器能量损失系统性评价方法

霍尔推力器典型效率在50%左右,其余能量在电离、加速、耦合等过程中耗散掉,为了明确推力器优化设计的重点方向,需要定量地研究各个物理过程中损失的能量。因此,本文从能量损失分析的角度入手研究影响霍尔推力器效率的典型物理过程及机理,建立了针对霍尔推力器能量损失的系统性评价方法,为霍尔推力器设计及优化提供理论支撑。从霍尔推力器能量转化过程入手,并以能量的最终作用对象及性质作为分类的标准,建立了新的能量损失体系,认为霍尔推力器损失的能量主要有：径向羽流动能、阳极沉积热能、壁面沉积热能、电离能、阴极耦合损失。针对各项损失能量建立了实验评估方法,实验结果显示,阳极热沉积、壁面热沉积、羽流发散导致的能量损失是制约霍尔推力器效率的主导因素,其占比分别达到5.2%、24.7%、6.1%。实验测得所有输出功率占输入阳极放电功率比例达到102.1%,经不确定度分析,认为是阳极热沉积、电离能、阴极耦合损失的高估导致的,但该方法诊断得到的各项损失相对数量级关系是确定的,利用实验校核了方法的可行性,为霍尔推力器性能以及设计水平的评价提供了新的视角。     

飞机燃油箱冷却惰化系统地面性能分析

设计了冷却惰化系统的工作流程并建立了地面状态下冷却惰化的数学模型,通过Modelica软件求解得到了油箱气相空间燃油蒸汽体积分数,燃油和气相空间温度以及制冷量随时间变化关系,并且研究了几个关键参数对惰化效果的影响。结果表明:随着抽气流量的增加和蒸发温度的降低,气相空间燃油蒸汽体积分数越低,气相空间温度也越低,达到冷却惰化的时间也越短,惰化效果也越好。虽然内热源对冷却惰化的效果起到了阻碍的作用,内热源越大,冷却惰化越难实现。但整体上看,冷却惰化是油箱惰化的一种可行替代方法。      

MOCVD法制备多层Ir涂层的显微结构

以三乙酰丙酮铱为先驱体,采用金属有机物化学气相沉积法,通过变温多次沉积在石英基片和热解碳层上制备出多层Ir涂层。XRD研究表明,Ir涂层呈多晶态。试样冲击断裂后,SEM观察横截面显示,涂层与基片以及涂层之间结合良好,无层间开裂发生。内层涂层虽然有孔隙缺陷,但经多次沉积,后继制备的涂层能很好地将其封填。     

气相沉积技术在产品中的应用及发展

以某系列产品中端面齿盘采用离子镀加工为例,重点介绍了气相沉积技术中的真空离子镀技术在产品上的应用过程,并以此为基础,阐述了气相沉积技术在航空产品生产中的应用前景.     

Effects of different aging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloy joints welded by electron beam welding

Post-weld single aging treatment(solution treatment at 510 ℃ for 1 h, water quenching,and aging at 155 ℃ for 16 h) and post-weld double aging treatment(solution treatment at 510 ℃ for 1 h, water quenching, aging at 155 ℃ for 16 h, and aging at 130 ℃ for 12 h) are carried out on Al-Cu-Li alloy joints by electron beam welding(EBW) respectively. The effects of aging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of welded joints are investigated. Results show that the mechanical properties of welded joints are obviously improved after both aging treatments. The strength coefficient of joints is increased from 0.64 in an as-welded condition(AW) to 0.90 after post-weld double aging treatment. Microstructure analysis shows that the precipitates of the fusion zone within grains and grain boundaries are less in the AW condition. After post-weld heat treatment(PWHT), a lot of fine needle-like phases T_1(Al_2 Cu Li) precipitate in grain boundaries of the fusion zone, and more horseshoe-shaped β' (Al_3 Zr) particles precipitate within grains. In addition,grains of the fusion zone are refined after post-weld double aging treatment, which leads to an effect of grain refinement strengthening. Consequently, the mechanical properties of welded joints are greatly improved.     

Ground-based millimeter-wave observations of water vapor emission (183 GHz) at Atacama,Chile

We report the first results of ground-based millimeter-wave measurements of 183 GHz atmospheric water vapor spectra from Atacama highland (4800 m alt.), Chile. The measurements were carried out in December 2005 by using a spectroscopic radiometer equipped with a superconductive heterodyne receiver. A conspicuous H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz was detected with an integration time of only 1.5 min, and this is the first high frequency-resolution H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz obtained in the southern subtropical region. The vertical profile of H₂O volume mixing ratio between 40 and 64 km were retrieved from the spectrum by using the modified optimal estimation method.     

Resolving electrons from protons in ATIC

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) experiment is designed for high energy cosmic ray ion detection. The possibility to identify high energy primary cosmic ray electrons in the presence of the ‘background’ of cosmic ray protons has been studied by simulating nuclear-electromagnetic cascade showers using the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation code. The ATIC design, consisting of a graphite target and an energy detection device, a totally active calorimeter built up of 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 25.0 cm BGO scintillator bars, gives sufficient information to distinguish electrons from protons. While identifying about 80% of electrons as such, only about 2 in 10,000 protons (@ 150 GeV) will mimic electrons. In September of 1999 ATIC was exposed to high-energy electron and proton beams at the CERN H2 beam line, and this data confirmed the electron detection capabilities of ATIC. From 2000-12-28 to 2001-01-13 ATIC was flown as a long duration balloon test flight from McMurdo, Antarctica, recording over 360 h of data and allowing electron separation to be confirmed in the flight data. In addition, ATIC electron detection capabilities can be checked by atmospheric gamma-ray observations.     

描述颗粒沉积动力学演变过程的一种随机算法

为了解决普通Monte Carlo算法计算精度和计算代价无法协调的矛盾,发展了一种新的多重Monte Carlo(MMC)算法求解考虑多分散性颗粒沉积的通用动力学方程,该算法引入加权虚拟颗粒的概念,基于时间驱动MonteCarlo技术,模拟过程中保持虚拟颗粒数目和计算区域体积不变。首先详细介绍了考虑颗粒沉积的MMC算法,包括时间步长的设置、颗粒是否沉积的判断、沉积后果的处理等。然后选定三个存在理论分析解的特殊工况对MMC算法进行验证,数值模拟结果与相应的理论分析解符合很好,表明该算法具有较高的计算精度,同时该算法计算代价很小。     

利用Simons模型研究卫星羽流污染

发动机羽流对卫星引起干扰力矩及沉积效应,对羽流污染分析是卫星污染分析中的重要部分。文章在分析发动机羽流流动特点的基础上,详细介绍了Simons模型,并将其用于某卫星20 N发动机羽流对其邻近壁面沉积污染的模拟。计算结果表明,羽流会对邻近壁面产生污染沉积效应,平均沉积速率1.89 10-4 kg/(s?m2)。通过此算例证明,Simons模型是一种有效的快速估算羽流污染的工程方法。