Dy对EB-PVDβ-NiAl涂层高温瞬态氧化行为的影响(英文)

β-NiAl是一种有前景的应用于1150°C以上的抗氧化涂层材料。本文利用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)方法制备了0~0.5at%Dy含量的β-NiAl涂层,研究了涂层的瞬态氧化行为。1200°C时,在0.05at%Dy掺杂的涂层中只观察到了稳态α-Al2O3相,而在0.5at%Dy掺杂的涂层中,1h氧化过程中,发生了θ-Al2O3到α-Al2O3的相变。1100°C时,在最初的15min所有涂层均发生了θ-α相变。0.05at%Dy掺杂的涂层在45min的时候相变已经完成,这比0.5at%Dy掺杂涂层要早得多。过量Dy的掺杂能够延缓θ-α相变。未掺杂和过量掺杂涂层在20h氧化之后仍存在针状相θ-Al2O3,而0.05at%Dy掺杂的涂层中则为经典的颗粒状α-Al2O3形貌。     

基于多模PPP-AR技术的大气水汽探测性能分析

精密单点定位（precise point positioning，PPP）反演大气可降水量（precipitable water vapor，PWV）具有精度高、实时性强等优点，能够在灾害监测、降雨预报及探测降水信息等方面发挥重要作用。为评估整周模糊度固定模式下PPP-AR（PPP ambiguity resolution）反演PWV的性能，选取全球范围16个MGEX站2022年4个时段的观测数据，采用最终精密星历解算，设置不同星座组合（GPS,BDS-3,GPS+BDS-3,GPS+GLO+GAL+BDS-3）获取对流层延迟（zenith total delay，ZTD）估值，并转换为PWV。从PPP-ZTD与IGS-ZTD的相关性、PPP-ZTD收敛时间、ZTD估值精度和PPP-PWV估值精度4个方面评价多模PPP-AR探测水汽的性能。结果表明，与单（G、C）、双系统（GC）固定解相比，多系统（GREC）固定解获取ZTD估值更加精确，相关系数更高。相较于单、双系统，多系统具有更快的收敛速度，收敛时间分别缩短了27%,25%和20%，多系统固定解与浮点解相比收敛时间缩短11%。此外，对GNSS PPP反演的PWV与探空站PWV（RS-PWV）进行对比，结果表明，WUH2站与HOB2站单、双、多系统固定解、多系统浮点解（float-GREC）的平均均方根误差分别为6.40 mm,6.48 mm,6.19 mm,6.17 mm,6.19 mm和5.82 mm,5.77 mm,5.72 mm,5.62 mm,5.70 mm。多模下得到的PWV估值精度最高，可为高精度的水汽反演提供支持。     

异种状态TC4 钛合金电子束焊接性能分析

针对相对疏松的铸造钛合金和相对密实的锻造钛合金的焊接问题,开展了两种状态的TC4钛合金电子束焊接工艺研究,对比了不同焊接参数对焊接质量的影响。研究结果表明,采用方波扫描可以较好地实现铸造钛合金与锻造钛合金的连接,焊缝成形良好,内部无缺陷;焊接接头力学性能分析表明,拉伸断裂位置全部在铸件母材区一侧。实焊结果证明,电子束焊接可以实现异种状态TC4钛合金焊接的工程化应用。     

电子回旋共振中和器内静磁场及微波电磁场的数值计算

为了研究电子回旋共振中和器内静磁场和微波电磁场的分布规律,设计合理的磁路结构以形成电子回旋共振区,并使微波强电场区与电子回旋共振区重合,采用有限元分析软件对中和器内的静磁场和微波电磁场进行了数值计算。计算结果表明:永磁体及磁轭的尺寸均影响电子回旋共振区的分布;天线伸入长度越长,微波电场越强。微波频率为4.2GHz时,六块相同的长12mm,宽8mm,高5mm的条形永磁铁与磁轭组成的磁路结构,可以产生合理的电子回旋共振区。L型天线伸入长度为5mm时微波强电场区可与电子回旋共振区重合。     

Primary mass discrimination of high energy cosmic rays using PNN and k-NN methods

Probabilistic neural network (PNN) and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) methods are widely used data classification techniques. In this paper, these two methods have been used to classify the Extensive Air Shower (EAS) data sets which were simulated using the CORSIKA code for three primary cosmic rays. The primaries are proton, oxygen and iron nuclei at energies of 100?TeV–10?PeV. This study is performed in the following of the investigations into the primary cosmic ray mass sensitive observables. We propose a new approach for measuring the mass sensitive observables of EAS in order to improve the primary mass separation. In this work, the EAS observables measurement has performed locally instead of total measurements. Also the relationships between the included number of observables in the classification methods and the prediction accuracy have been investigated. We have shown that the local measurements and inclusion of more mass sensitive observables in the classification processes can improve the classifying quality and also we have shown that muons and electrons energy density can be considered as primary mass sensitive observables in primary mass classification. Also it must be noted that this study is performed for Tehran observation level without considering the details of any certain EAS detection array.     

Coating deposition regularity depended on orientation difference in PS-PVD plasma jet

The YSZ coatings are prepared by the plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) technology based on a specific experimental design. The structure, thickness and growth angle of YSZ coatings on the entire circumferential surface of the cylindrical sample are studied. The results indicated that the structure, thickness and deflection growth angle of YSZ coatings are related to the orientation of deposition location. The numerical simulation of the multiphase mixed fluid near the substrate is carried out and the deposition regularity and mechanism of YSZ coatings prepared by PS-PVD is deduced. The growth rate is related to the local characteristics of the plasma flow field, and is directly proportional to the field pressure and inversely proportional to the field velocity. The growth angle of the coating is generally affected by the flow direction of the plasma jet. Especially, the normal component of velocity vector, V_norm, mainly affects the speed at which the coating grows vertically upwards. The tangential component of velocity vector, V_tan, determines the degree that the coating growth direction deviates from the vertical direction. When V_tan ≠ 0, the coating forms a fine column with a certain deflection angle and finally develops into an oblique columnar structure.     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

高压球形气瓶焊缝结构设计与焊接工艺

研究了气瓶赤道焊缝区的结构优化设计和焊接工艺改进措施,焊缝区渐变补强设计提高了焊缝区的应变协调性,改进电子束与焊缝作用方式解决了内部飞溅问题,采用优化的电子束工艺参数进行焊接。结果表明:焊接接头质量达到了GJB1718A—2005《电子束焊接》标准Ⅰ级焊缝,焊缝及热影响区力学性能与母材相当,气瓶进行鉴定试验,性能指标满足设计要求。气瓶焊缝结构优化设计,降低了焊缝处应力水平,减少应力集中,通过改进焊接工艺提高了电子束焊缝质量。     

高能X射线辐照材料的SPH数值模拟

高能脉冲X射线辐照材料时,能量沉积会使材料表层发生气化,并在材料内部形成高压热击波。目前一般采用差分方法对高压热击波过程进行数值模拟。文章尝试采用光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）方法对X射线辐照材料进行数值模拟,由于材料表层的气化膨胀所致,膨胀后的粒子体积是原来的几十倍甚至上百倍,产生粒子大变形的粒子穿透现象;分析了产生粒子穿透现象的主要原因是气化边界处密度计算公式不合适所致,为此对密度计算公式进行了改进,并开展了基于改进密度计算公式的两种方法的数值模拟,两种方法的计算结果比较一致。