舰船燃气轮机高压涡轮颗粒沉积特性研究

为了探究典型舰船燃气轮机高压涡轮叶栅通道内部的颗粒沉积分布规律,论文以分析随燃气进入涡轮叶栅通道内的颗粒的动力学及颗粒与壁面相互作用的特性为出发点,探究颗粒与涡轮叶片表面撞击后发生黏附与剥离以及沉积与反弹的相互作用准则,在此基础上构建相应的颗粒壁面沉积模型,采用数值模拟方法,建立气-固两相流无量纲方程组,嵌入UDF用户自定义函数,并比较分析临界速度模型和临界黏度模型对于模拟颗粒沉积分布的异同。结果表明,在本文工况条件下,对于临界速度模型而言,叶片表面和下端壁处的颗粒沉积效率都在动量Stokes数增大到约0.1时开始从100%减小,在动量Stokes数增加到约10后减小到0;上端壁处的颗粒沉积效率在动量Stokes数增加到约1时开始从100%减小,在动量Stokes数增大到约100后减小到0。而对于临界黏度模型而言,叶片表面和下端壁处的颗粒沉积效率随着动量Stokes数的增大而不断增大,二者都在动量Stokes数约为1时达到100%,而上端壁处的沉积效率却先增大后减小,最后再增大,在动量Stokes数约为0.1颗粒沉积效率降低到最小值约为80%,后开始增加到100%。     

Propagation of cylindrical and spherical dust–ion acoustic solitary waves in a relativistic dusty plasma

The properties of cylindrical and spherical dust–ion acoustic solitary waves (DIASW) in an unmagnetized dusty plasma comprising of relativistic ions, Boltzmann electrons, and stationary dusty particles are investigated. Under a suitable coordinate transformation, the cylindrical KdV equation can be solved analytically. The change of the DIASW structure due to the effect of geometry, relativistic streaming factor, ion density and electron temperature is studied by numerical calculation of the cylindrical/spherical Kdv equation. It is noted that with ion pressure the effect of relativistic streaming factor to solitary waves structure is different. Without ion pressure, as the relativistic streaming factor decreases, the amplitude of the solitary wave decreases. However, when the ion pressure is taken into account, the amplitude decreases as the relativistic streaming factor increases and is highly sensitive to relativistic streaming factor. Our results may have relevance in the understanding of astrophysical plasmas.     

Nonplanar electron acoustic shock waves

The properties of cylindrical and spherical electron acoustic shock waves (EASWs) in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of cold electrons, immobile ions and Boltzmann distributed hot electrons are investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. A Korteweg–de Vries Burgers (KdVB) equation is derived and its numerical solution is obtained. The effects of several parameters and ion kinematic viscosity on the basic features of EA shock waves are discussed in nonplanar geometry. It is found that nonplanar EA shock waves behave quite differently from their one-dimensional planar counterpart.     

Using GPS-TEC data to calibrate VTEC computed with the IRI model over Nigeria

This paper presents the development of a Total Electron Content (TEC) map for the Nigerian ionosphere. In this work, TEC measurements obtained from the AFRL-SCINDA GPS (Air Force Research Laboratory-Scintillation Network Decision Aid, Global Positioning System) equipment installed at Nsukka (6.87°N, 7.38°E) are used to adapt the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model for the Nigerian Ionosphere. The map is being developed as a computer program (implemented in the MATLAB programming language) that shows spatial and temporal representations of TEC for the Nigerian ionosphere. The method is aimed at showing how the IRI model can be used to estimate VTEC over wide areas by incorporating GPS measurements. This method is validated by using GPS VTEC data collected from a station in Ilorin (8.50°N, 4.55°E).     

On the variabilities of the Total Electron Content (TEC) over the Indian low latitude sector

The Total Electron Content (TEC) from four locations in the Indian sector namely, Trivandrum (8.47°N, 76.91°E, Geomag.0.63°S, 0.3° dip), Waltair (17.7° N, 83.3°E, Geomag. 6.4°N, 20° dip), Bhopal (23.28°N, 77.34°E, Geomag.14.26°N, 33.2° dip), and Delhi (28.58°N, 77.21°E, Geomag.19.2°N, 43.4° dip) during a low sunspot year of 2004 are used to study the variabilities of the TEC. The day time TEC values are higher over Waltair and Bhopal compared to those at Trivandrum and Delhi. Considerable day-to-day variations in the diurnal values of TEC are observed at the anomaly crest locations. The observed GPS-TEC has been compared with the IRI-2007 model derived TEC considering three different options (IRI-2001, IRI-2001 corrected and Ne-Quick) available in the model for the topside electron density. The TEC derived with Ne-Quick and IRI-01 corrected options show better agreement with GPS-TEC while the TEC from IRI-01 method shows larger deviations. From the correlation analysis carried out between TEC value at 1300 h LT and solar indices parameters namely sunspot number (SSN), F10.7 and EUV, it is observed that the correlation is more during equinoctial months and less during summer months. The correlation coefficients observed over the anomaly locations, Bhopal and Delhi are lower compared to those at Trivandrum and Waltair.     

Ti_2AlNb基合金电子束焊接头的显微组织

利用透射电子显微镜和能谱,研究电子束焊接过程中Ti_2AlNb基合金显微组织演变过程以及焊缝区组成、焊后热处理对接头显微组织的影响.结果表明:焊接过程中焊缝区Al元素损失较为严重,这有利于B_2相的形成而不利于O相的形成,使得接头焊缝区主要由B_2和α_2两相组成;在随后的热处理过程中,焊缝区的B_2相转变为β相和板条状的O相,使焊缝区由α_2、O和β相组成.     

增材制造钛铝合金研究进展

钛铝合金具有轻质、高强、耐高温等优异特性,在航空领域,特别是在航空发动机涡轮叶片上具有重要应用价值。然而,钛铝合金的室温脆性大、热变形能力低,使得采用传统的锻造、精密铸造、粉末冶金等技术均难以制造具有复杂形状,特别是具有内部空腔结构的钛铝合金叶片,限制了其性能的进一步提升。增材制造技术能够突破形状的制约,有望发展成为制造钛铝合金复杂结构零部件的新技术。目前,应用于钛铝合金的增材制造技术主要有电子束选区熔化、选区激光熔化和激光金属沉积。本文调研了增材制造钛铝合金领域2010~2020年的文献,对上述3类增材制造技术的原理和特性、所使用合金粉末的特性、打印构件的相组成、组织形貌和热处理工艺、宏观和微观力学性能及其在航空领域的应用等研究进行了对比分析和评述,并对增材制造钛铝合金发展中所存在的问题及下一步研发重点进行了总结和探讨。     

Dark Matter Particle Explorer:The First Chinese Cosmic Ray and Hard γ-ray Detector in Space

The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) mission is one of the five scientific space science missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) approved in 2011. The main scientific objective of DAMPE is to detect electrons and photons in the range of 5GeV-10TeV with unprecedented energy resolution (1.5% at 100GeV) in order to identify possible Dark Matter (DM) signatures. It will also measure the flux of nuclei up to above 500TeV with excellent energy resolution (40% at 800GeV), which will bring new insights to the origin and propagation high energy cosmic rays. With its excellent photon detection capability, the DAMPE mission is well placed for new discoveries in high energy-ray astronomy as well.      

ICVI工艺致密化C/C复合材料的数值模拟

为了研究等温化学气相渗透( ICVI)工艺制备C/C复合材料过程中预制体的致密化过程及流场和温度场的分布,利用COMSOL软件建立预制体致密化过程中传质、传热和孔隙率变化的多场耦合模型。以甲烷为前驱体,将动量和能量守恒方程进行耦合计算,计算结果表明,在传质最初始阶段,前驱体温度迅速升高至设定的沉积温度,且整个反应器内部温度分布均匀。根据以上计算结果,设定温度为定值,耦合质量、动量守恒方程和孔隙率变化方程,通过计算得到在开始致密化阶段预制体最大密度分布在预制体中部,随着致密化进行,该区域向外侧移动。致密化150 h后,不同时间预制体整体平均密度的计算值与实验值吻合较好,验证了致密化模型的可靠性。     

激光辅助局部电化学沉积的试验研究

在局部电化学沉积加工体系中引入纳秒脉冲激光,利用激光辐照和局部电化学沉积的方法对铜进行三维微结构的沉积试验。分析了激光的热力效应对局部电化学沉积的作用机理。构建了激光辅助局部电化学沉积的试验系统,进行了沉积试验,并利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和X射线能量色散色谱仪对电沉积体进行了检测。试验结果表明激光辅助局部电化学沉积相较于普通的局部电化学沉积,定域性好。随着激光能量的增加,沉积体的高宽比增加,定域性提高。同时,激光还可以减少阴极杂质的吸附,提高沉积体的纯度。