相变材料在航天器上的应用

随着航天技术的发展,航天器内部仪器设备的功耗和热流密度不断增大,给航天器热控设计带来新的困难,但为相变材料的应用提供了机遇。文章针对相变材料在相变过程中具有温度恒定、没有运动部件等特点,重点介绍了相变材料分类、特性及其在航天器热控设计中的应用,分析了相变材料在工程应用中面临的问题,给出了相变材料在航天器热控技术上应用的发展方向。     

载人飞船某连接分离机构的可靠性验证试验方法

论述了载人飞船某连接分离机构的功能、工作原理和主要故障模式,确定了该连接分离机构的可靠性特征量。基于计量型可靠性试验的基本思路,提出了该连接分离机构的可靠性试验方法,包括试验方法选择、试验件状态及试验条件的确定、试验程序、故障判据和可靠性评估方法;给出了应用示例,为载人飞船连接分离机构的可靠性验证提供了技术参考途径。     

航天器GNC系统数学仿真技术研究现状及展望

总结航天器GNC系统数学仿真技术现状,给出控制系统数学仿真所需具备的4个能力：复杂系统仿真建模、多学科协同仿真、高性能计算和数学仿真平台.对这四个方面未来的技术发展进行展望.     

一种挠性航天器的对偶四元数姿轨耦合控制方法

为解决复杂的挠性航天器的姿轨控制问题,对于挠性航天器的姿轨耦合动力学建模与控制展开研究。基于对偶四元数原理,推导给出一套挠性航天器的姿轨一体化动力学模型。此种模型能够紧凑描述航天器的轨道和姿态,且能够自动引入航天器平动、转动与挠性附件振动三者之间的关联耦合作用。基于此模型设计了一种自适应位置姿态跟踪控制器,该控制器能够在航天器质量特性参数未知的情况下,对其位置和姿态进行轨迹跟踪控制,并使位置和姿态误差收敛。该自适应控制器还可对航天器上挠性附件对系统的耦合作用进行估计,进而在控制输出中对其进行补偿,提高卫星控制系统的稳定性。通过仿真对控制律进行校验,结果表明该控制律对挠性航天器控制效果良好,具有一定的工程应用参考价值。     

长寿命航天器结构密封性能仿真分析研究

硅橡胶密封圈的力学性能会随着工作时间的增加而发生退化,本文首先初步分析硅橡胶的热氧老化机理,然后对硅橡胶材料在热氧加速老化试验前后的特性参数进行分析对比,并借助非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS对由该种材料制成的O形圈老化前后的最大接触应力等力学参数进行分析计算,最后讨论了这些参数变化对结构密封效果的影响。本文的研究结果可为长寿命密封圈设计提供参考。     

一种航天器电缆网精确质量特性计算方法

分析了当前国内外电缆网质量特性计算存在的主要问题,提出了精确质量特性计算的解决方案。通过建立航天器电缆线型库,快速计算出线束的线密度并赋予三维模型;同时精确计算出三维电缆网模型的长度,建立导线束线规库,实现了电缆网质量计算。该方法可解决长期困扰的电缆网质量特性计算的精确性问题,通过实例验证了此方法的可行性和计算结果的精确性。     

基于状态图的航天器测试用例设计

为进一步提高航天器测试效率和测试覆盖性,提出了一种基于状态图的航天器测试用例设计方法,以状态图模型作为测试用例设计的依据,通过模型覆盖准则,由算法生成测试用例,并以自主热控功能的测试为例,对新方法进行了可行性验证,给出了原始用例和新用例的比较结果。该方法有利于准确衡量测试用例覆盖率,缩短用例设计时间,可为工程应用提供参考。     

Optimal spacecraft formation establishment and reconfiguration propelled by the geomagnetic Lorentz force

The Lorentz force acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through the planetary magnetic field could be utilized as propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital maneuvering, such as spacecraft formation establishment and formation reconfiguration. By assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field could be modeled as a tilted dipole located at the center of Earth that corotates with Earth, a dynamical model that describes the relative orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft is developed. Based on the proposed dynamical model, the energy-optimal open-loop trajectories of control inputs, namely, the required specific charges of Lorentz spacecraft, for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration problems with both fixed and free final conditions constraints are derived via Gauss pseudospectral method. The effect of the magnetic dipole tilt angle on the optimal control inputs and the relative transfer trajectories for formation establishment or reconfiguration is also investigated by comparisons with the results derived from a nontilted dipole model. Furthermore, a closed-loop integral sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances and modeling errors. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based approach. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed open-loop control methods and demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop controller. Also, the results indicate the dipole tilt angle should be considered when designing control strategies for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration.     

Optical orbital debris spotter

The number of man-made debris objects orbiting the Earth, or orbital debris, is alarmingly increasing, resulting in the increased probability of degradation, damage, or destruction of operating spacecraft. In part, small objects (<10 cm) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are of concern because they are abundant and difficult to track or even to detect on a routine basis. Due to the increasing debris population it is reasonable to assume that improved capabilities for on-orbit damage attribution, in addition to increased capabilities to detect and track small objects are needed. Here we present a sensor concept to detect small debris with sizes between approximately 1.0 and 0.01 cm in the vicinity of a host spacecraft for near real time damage attribution and characterization of dense debris fields and potentially to provide additional data to existing debris models.