复合材料加筋板冲击后损伤容限研究

研究复合材料加筋板受冲击后的损伤演化具有较高的工程应用价值。首先,以某型无人机拟应用的复合材料加筋壁板(T300/BA9913)为研究对象,对其进行低速冲击试验;在壁板中央处和肋与壁板胶结处进行冲击,其冲击能量取6.67 J/mm,测量凹坑深度和分层损伤面积。然后,应用商业软件ABAQUS,编写相应的VUMAT子程序对冲击损伤进行模拟,软件中采用适宜的材料模型、单元种类并建立不同属性的接触,把基于应变的三维Hashin准则运用于复合材料单层板的损伤失效准则中去。最后,运用基于断裂韧度的连续的刚度退化方针对材料的刚度折减。将所建立的冲击模型的模拟结果与冲击试验数据进行对比,证明了冲击模型的有效性和准确性。     

表面状态及电解液对Ti6Al4V EJM加工质量的影响

钛合金广泛应用于航空发动机中,硝酸钠(Na NO3)电解液与氯化钠(Na Cl)电解液广泛应用于常规金属材料电化学加工。研究了钛合金在应用电解液喷射加工技术(EJM)时的表现。首先应用这两种电解液对两种不同表面质量的钛合金试件分别进行EJM加工试验,通过分析加工后所得样槽的深宽比、表面粗糙度、氧化物占比以及微观形貌,分析了钛合金原始表面状态以及电解液选用对最终加工精度的影响效果。在此基础上,以不同的顺序组合应用这两种电解液对优选出的钛合金试件再次进行EJM加工试验研究,确定最优的电解液组合应用顺序。两个系列的试验研究,为提高钛合金电化学喷射加工的质量与效率提供了一定的理论和试验依据。     

基于电化学刻蚀与微电铸工艺的微流控芯片模具制作

为解决微流控芯片模具在微电铸工艺中铸层与基底结合力差的问题,在光刻工艺的基础上,采用掩膜电化学刻蚀和微电铸相结合的方法,制作出了结合力较好的镍基双十字微流控芯片模具。针对掩膜电化学刻蚀的工艺参数进行了试验研究,选定了制作微流控芯片模具的最佳工艺参数,解决了酸洗引起胶膜脱落失效、刻蚀引起侧蚀等问题。使用剪切强度表征界面结合强度,运用剪切法测量了微电铸层与基底的剪切强度,定量分析了酸洗工艺和刻蚀工艺的参数对界面结合强度的影响。试验结果表明,酸洗20s后电铸层与基底的剪切强度相对于直接电铸提高了98.5%,刻蚀5min后剪切强度提高了203.6%。刻蚀5min后的剪切强度相对于酸洗20s后电铸的剪切强度提高了53.0%。本文提出的方法能够有效提高铸层与基底的界面结合强度,延长微流控芯片模具的使用寿命。     

航空发动机传感器解析余度模型的建立方法

为了使用解析余度模型对传感器故障进行诊断,提出了1种基于K-均值聚类与改进微分进化算法优化的极端学习机(IDE-ELM)的发动机传感器解析余度模型建立方法。为避免求解ELM算法时H矩阵奇异,采用K-均值聚类对试验数据进行聚类处理,然后从每类数据中选取1组数据组成训练样本用于训练;利用IDE算法优化ELM的输入层权值和偏置,提高ELM的泛化能力。利用飞行试验数据进行了仿真验证。结果表明:基于K-均值聚类和IDE-ELM设计的传感器解析余度模型具有较高的精度,可用于FADEC系统双通道传感器的故障诊断。     

Interior Evolution of Mercury

The interior evolution of Mercury—the innermost planet in the solar system, with its exceptional high density—is poorly known. Our current knowledge of Mercury is based on observations from Mariner 10’s three flybys. That knowledge includes the important discoveries of a weak, active magnetic field and a system of lobate scarps that suggests limited radial contraction of the planet during the last 4 billion years. We review existing models of Mercury’s interior evolution and further present new 2D and 3D convection models that consider both a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity and core cooling. These studies provide a framework for understanding the basic characteristics of the planet’s internal evolution as well as the role of the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, mantle viscosity, and sulfur content of the core have had on the history of Mercury’s interior. The existence of a dynamo-generated magnetic field suggests a growing inner core, as model calculations show that a thermally driven dynamo for Mercury is unlikely. Thermal evolution models suggest a range of possible upper limits for the sulfur content in the core. For large sulfur contents the model cores would be entirely fluid. The observation of limited planetary contraction (∼1–2 km)—if confirmed by future missions—may provide a lower limit for the core sulfur content. For smaller sulfur contents, the planetary contraction obtained after the end of the heavy bombardment due to inner core growth is larger than the observed value. Due to the present poor knowledge of various parameters, for example, the mantle rheology, the thermal conductivity of mantle and crust, and the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, it is not possible to constrain the core sulfur content nor the present state of the mantle. Therefore, it is difficult to robustly predict whether or not the mantle is conductive or in the convective regime. For instance, in the case of very inefficient planetary cooling—for example, as a consequence of a strong thermal insulation by a low conductivity crust and a stiff Newtonian mantle rheology—the predicted sulfur content can be as low as 1 wt% to match current estimates of planetary contraction, making deep mantle convection likely. Efficient cooling—for example, caused by the growth of a crust strongly in enriched in radiogenic elements—requires more than 6.5 wt% S. These latter models also predict a transition from a convective to a conductive mantle during the planet’s history. Data from future missions to Mercury will aid considerably our understanding of the evolution of its interior.     

TC11钛合金片层组织热变形行为及组织演变

通过热压缩试验研究了具有初始β转变组织的TC11钛合金在两相区800～980 ℃和应变速率0.001～0.1 s-1范围内的热变形行为和组织演变.分析了该合金在试验参数范围内变形的应力-应变曲线特征.动力学分析获得该合金在两相区变形的应力指数和变形激活能分别为4.42和490.8 kJ·mol-1,说明变形主要是位错的滑移和攀移过程.分析变形组织认为,片层组织的球化和弯折是两相区变形应力软化的原因.温度和应变速率严重影响片层组织球化过程的进行,980 ℃,0.001 s-1和0.01 s-1,以及950℃,0.001 s-1条件下变形有利于片层组织球化过程的充分进行.900～980 ℃,0.001～0.1 s-1球化过程中,变形到稳态的等轴α直径与温度补偿应变速率参数Z呈对数线性关系.     

基于小波神经网络的航空刀具磨损状态识别

针对航空零件的加工特点,采集刀具在不同磨损状态下的声发射(AE,Acoustic Emission)信号,对AE信号进行时频分析和小波变换,运用快速傅里叶变换(FFT, Fast Fourier Transform)以及db8小波5层分解,提取AE信号幅值的均方根和主能量频段的能量作为特征向量,对特征向量进行归一化处理后作为输入向量对小波神经网络进行训练.小波神经网络运用参数调整算法,在权值和阈值的修正中加入动量项.测试结果表明:AE信号对刀具磨损敏感的频率范围在10~150kHz,网络实际输出与期望结果的误差小于0.03,该方法能够对刀具不同磨损状态进行正确的识别.      

超精密研磨抛光方法

介绍了几种近代超精密研磨抛光方法的加工原理、特点、加工对象和应用。     

基于PMAC开放式数控系统的研究与应用新进展

介绍了基于PMAC的开放式数控系统硬件、软件结构及系统软件开发的关键技术,并对自由曲面加工开放式数控机床结构、人机对话界面的编制、CNC应用程序的处理、PLC程序的编写、DLL应用程序与PMAC间的通讯等进行了较为深入的探讨。     

机轮轮毂内腔凸键螺纹孔加工技术

分析了机轮轮毂内腔凸键螺纹孔加工难点,介绍了加工螺纹孔的工艺方法及取得的技术经济效果。