Stress analysis and damage evolution in individual plies of notched composite laminates subjected to in-plane loads

This work aims to investigate local stress distribution, damage evolution and failure of notched composite laminates under in-plane loads. An analytic method containing uniformed boundary equations using a complex variable approach is developed to present layer-by-layer stresses around the notch. The uniformed boundary equations established in series together with conformal mapping functions are capable of dealing with irregular boundary issues around the notch and at infinity. Stress results are employed to evaluate the damage initiation and propagation of notched composites by progressive damage analysis(PDA). A user-defined subroutine is developed in the finite element(FE) model based on coupling theories for mixed failure criteria and damage mechanics to efficiently investigate damage evolution as well as failure modes. Carbon/epoxy laminates with a stacking sequence of [45°/0°/ 60°/90°]sare used to investigate surface strains, in-plane load capacity and microstructure of failure zones to provide analytic and FE methods with strong validation. Good agreement is observed between the analytic method, the FE model and experiments in terms of the stress(strain) distributions, damage evaluation and ultimate strength, and the layerby-layer stress components vary according to a combination effect of fiber orientation and loading type, causing diverse failure modes in individuals.     

基于守恒型嵌合体技术的多段翼型缝道参数分段进化优化设计研究

在复杂外形流场模拟的嵌合体技术中引入守恒型MFBI算法,以改进传统嵌合体技术中子域间流场信息传递不守恒的缺陷,在标准遗传算法基础上采用分段进化的方式,同时以大迎角状态下的升力系数作为设计目标,针对基础构型的前后缘缝道参数,进行了遗传优化设计。最终的设计结果表明,相较于初始构型,其最大升力系数有明显的提升,且具有良好的失速特性。同时在增升装置嵌合体流场分析和优化设计表明,所采用的守恒型嵌合体技术,在大迎角流场优化中相较于传统的非守恒格式,具有更好的精度以及收敛特性,优化结果得到了一定的提高。     

直线插补在回转类零件周向槽铣削中的应用

利用旋转第四轴、宏程序指令编程和G01直线插补编程,提出了实现某些回转类零件外周曲面上的规则槽、螺旋槽、异形槽以及各种凸轮的加工方法。用凸轮加工实例对提出的加工方法进行仿真验证,获得了较好的加工精度,证明了此方法正确可行。     

创新资本、经济危机与产业演进

产业演进表现为朝阳产业对夕阳产业的不断替代,当夕阳产业利润率日益趋薄,资本积累呈现出垄断、虚拟、全球化和创新四种模式趋势,其中,前三种不包含产业升级,最终将导致经济危机,只有创新模式能够带来产业升级,引领经济走出危机。在危机中,必须调整产业结构,培育朝阳产业,同时,在人才、资金等方面为创新资本的运作创造良好条件。     

丙炔醇对铝阳极电化学性能的影响

为了提高铝阳极材料的耐析氢腐蚀和活化性能,用失重腐蚀、电化学等方法研究了在4 mol/LKOH溶液中,丙炔醇对铝阳极(99.999%)电化学性能的影响,结果表明:添加0.5%丙炔醇,不仅使铝的析氢腐蚀速率降低(缓蚀率达85.35%),又能最大程度保持铝阳极的活性(超过铝在4 mol/L KOH溶液中的活性),开路电位Eocp负移达-2.033 V.此外,在"饱和Ca(OH)2+4 mol/L KOH"溶液中,添加0.5%丙炔醇时,铝的缓蚀率高达93.21%,其表面腐蚀均匀,活化性能进一步提高,Eocp负移达-2.011 V.为铝阳极材料的应用提供了有实用价值的添加剂配方.     

单点金刚石车削非球曲面测量数据样条拟合算法研究

在分析离散数据插值与逼近方法的基础上,讨论了B-样条拟合算法;并针对超精密非球曲面的测量数据,分析了B-样条拟合算法的拟合误差与阶次的关系,同时与多项式最小二乘拟合做了比较.对比结果表明,B-样条拟合能达到更高的精度,并建议在非球曲面拟合中采用4阶次B-样条、51个控制节点,能达到较好的拟合效果.     

Origin and Evolution of the Light Nuclides

After a short historical (and highly subjective) introduction to the field, I discuss our current understanding of the origin and evolution of the light nuclides D, ³He, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be, ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Despite considerable observational and theoretical progress, important uncertainties still persist for each and every one of those nuclides. The present-day abundance of D in the local interstellar medium is currently uncertain, making it difficult to infer the recent chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood. To account for the observed quasi-constancy of ³He abundance from the Big Bang to our days, the stellar production of that nuclide must be negligible; however, the scarce observations of its abundance in planetary nebulae seem to contradict this idea. The observed Be and B evolution as primaries suggests that the source composition of cosmic rays has remained ∼constant since the early days of the Galaxy, a suggestion with far reaching implications for the origin of cosmic rays; however, the main idea proposed to account for that constancy, namely that superbubbles are at the source of cosmic rays, encounters some serious difficulties. The best explanation for the mismatch between primordial Li and the observed “Spite-plateau” in halo stars appears to be depletion of Li in stellar envelopes, by some yet poorly understood mechanism. But this explanation impacts on the level of the recently discovered early “⁶Li plateau”, which (if confirmed), seriously challenges current ideas of cosmic ray nucleosynthesis.     

建立符合原有工装的飞机外形数学模型

如何在以建模量为协调依据的老飞机上实施数字化技术，并在原则上不报废原有工装的情况下，建立一套与现行生产所用外形数据协调一致的设计和生产可用的飞机外形数学模型是一个急需解决的问题，本文给出了建立符合原有工装的飞机外形数学模型的一种方法。     

The European Large Area ISO Survey

The European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) was the largest Open Time survey on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). It was designed to explore obscured galaxies and hence quantify the recent star-formation history of the Universe. The final reanalysis of the data has been completed and a band-merged catalogue with associations across many wavelengths compiled and released the data to the global astronomical community (http://astro.imperial.ac.uk/Elais/). This paper summarises some of the key results. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.