C/SiC材料在模拟空天往返条件下的可重复使用性能评估

针对飞行器空天往返、多次使用的发展需求,以2D C/SiC材料为对象,选择开放大气模拟环境、800 ℃温度条件开展了常/高温拉伸试验、以及常温→高温→降温循环变化历程下拉-拉疲劳的耦合试验,得到不同的力学性能规律,分析了影响材料表面涂层完整性的控制因素及转化点。表明C/SiC材料具有优良的高温静态持续强度性能,但在常-高温循环变化历程下的疲劳性能明显衰减。采用剩余刚度衰减模型,提出了力-热-氧耦合时考虑常-高温循环历程影响因素、以及氧化尺寸效应影响的疲劳剩余性能评估方法。     

基于雷达散射截面约束的气动优化设计

采用拉格朗日乘子法优化设计了雷达散射截面约束条件下的锥形融合气动外形.拉格朗日乘子法中的极小化问题采用动态演化的优化设计方法求解.该方法是一种基于非定常演化的优化设计方法,即在求解非定常流动支配方程的时候同时履行优化过程,较其它基于定常解的优化方法具有高得多的计算效率.其中的雷达散射截面通过求解非结构的笛卡儿网格上的时域麦克斯韦方程来得到,而升阻比则通过求解锥形流方程来计算.通过优化设计,得到了M∞=8.0时,升阻比为4.98,雷达散射截面只有1.66m2的锥形融合气动外形.     

弱刚度结构件的加工变形控制技术研究

针对弱刚度结构件加工变形难以控制的问题,在对其加工难点和加工变形影响因素进行概括的基础上,提出了弱刚度结构件加工变形控制的工艺改进过程框图,从七个方面对其加工变形控制技术进行了研究。     

基于ICP算法的手术导航三维配准技术

针对计算机辅助手术三维导航技术中术前CT图像与术中实际空间的配准问题,提出一种基于最近点迭代(ICP,Iterative Closest Point)算法的特征点云配准技术.利用医学图像空间和实际空间特征区域的两片点云坐标进行三维配准.对CT图像进行重建、分割及交互式操作得到医学图像特征点云;利用光学定位仪实时采集实际空间中对应区域的点云;通过主元分析(PCA,Principal Component Analysis)获取两组点云数据的特征向量进行初配准;进行最近点迭代使配准矩阵收敛到一个最优解,其中采用k-d tree寻找邻近点加速迭代过程.以塑料脊柱模型骨为对象进行了脊柱手术导航配准精度实验,进一步对实验中的点云数据加入高斯噪声以进行误差分析.结果表明这种配准方法简单可靠,在模型骨情况下配准精度在1mm以内.     

保证数控铣加工的尺寸精度

本文介绍了数控编程和数控加工中保证零件的尺寸和公差要求的方法。一种方法是用公差的中间值作为终点坐标的尺寸编程;另一种方法是用公称尺寸编程,用公差的中间值作与公称尺寸的差值作为刀补值,通过刀具补偿保证尺寸要求。     

Semi-analytical investigations of high area-to-mass ratio geosynchronous space debris including Earth’s shadowing effects

This paper investigates the long-term perturbations of the orbits of geosynchronous space debris influenced by direct radiation pressure including the Earth’s shadowing effects. For this purpose, we propose an extension of our homemade semi-analytical theory [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Deleflie, F. Semi-analytical theory of mean orbital motion for geosynchronous space debris under gravitational influence. Adv. Space Res., submitted for publication], based on the method developed by Aksnes [Aksnes, K. Short-period and long-period perturbations of a spherical satellite due to direct solar radiation. Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 13, 89–104, 1976] and generalized into a more convenient non-singular formalism. The perturbations accounting for the direct radiation pressure with the Earth’s shadow are computed on a revolution-by-revolution basis, retaining the original osculating Hamiltonian disturbing function. In this framework, we compute the non-singular mean longitude at shadow entry and shadow exit at every orbital revolution in opposition to classical approaches where the singular eccentric anomalies at shadow entry and shadow exit are computed. This new algorithm is developed using non-singular variables. Consequently, it is particularly suitable for both near-circular and near-equatorial orbits as well as orbits which transit periodically around null eccentricities and null inclinations.The algorithm is tested by means of numerical integrations of the equations, averaged over the short periods, including radiation pressure, J₂, the combined Moon and Sun third body attraction as well as the long-term effects of the 1:1 resonance occurring for geosynchronous objects. As an extension of [Valk, S., Lemaître, A., Anselmo, L. Analytical and semi-analytical investigations of geosynchronous space debris with high area-to-mass ratios influenced by solar radiation pressure. Adv. Space Res., doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.025, 2007b], we especially apply our analysis to space debris with area-to-mass as high as 20 m²/kg. This paper provides numerical and semi-analytical investigations leading to a deep understanding of the long-term evolution of the semi-major axis. Finally, these semi-analytical investigations are compared with accurate numerical integrations of the osculating equations of motion over time scales as high as 25 years.     

数控加工运动的平滑处理

为了满足高速加工的要求,提出假设圆弧过渡法来处理两相邻运动矢量拐角处的速度,过渡小圆弧的半径能随加工精度的变化而自动地调整,通过限制加工小圆弧的最大速度来限制拐角处的速度,利用超前分析的方法,根据减速所需的最大距离提出了一种多程序段运动平滑算法,实现进给速度提前减速,从而防止刀具在拐角处发生过载,并有效地减少了工件形状在拐角处,或小半径圆弧的加工误差;用等效的梯形加减速方法实现了S型曲线加减速的分析,导出了S型曲线加减速实时精确的插补算法,从而克服了用查表法来近似计算速度的缺点。这些算法简单、有效,已在最新开发的高速铣床上得到应用。在高速加工时获得了高的加工精度。     

多点切触加工中的局部干涉分析

为了消除多点切触加工刀位计算的局部干涉,通过对中凹端铣刀和工件曲面之间的几何接触状况分析,得到了多点切触加工算法的局部干涉判别条件.利用微分几何得到了多点切触加工刀位中刀具和工件的交线在第一切触点处的曲率半径和刀具曲率半径的比值,结合局部干涉判别条件,得到无干涉的多点切触加工约束的解区域.结果表明无论曲面为何种样式,必须选择第二切触点在曲率较大的主方向附近的解区域中,再使用多点切触加工算法算出的刀位,才有可能不发生过切现象.      

基于用户自定义变更的本体进化

提出一种基于用户自定义变更的本体进化方法。首先给出了该方法的形式化描述,建立了本体一致性模型和原子变更及冲突消解方法,然后对用户自定义变更模型进行语义描述,将用户自定义变更转换成原子变更,并对其进行了优化。最后给出了用户自定义变更及优化的实例。结果表明:本方法可以很好地满足本体进化过程中用户的复杂需求,并实现了本体变更的形式化描述,解决了各种变更中的冲突问题。     

Aviation-oriented Micromachining Technology-Micro-ECM in Pure Water

This article proposes a precise and ecofriendly micromachining technology for aerospace application called electrochemical machining in pure water （PW-ECM）. On the basis of the principles of water dissociation, a series of test setups and tests are devised and performed under different conditions. These tests explain the need for technological conditions realizing PW-ECM, and further explore the technological principles. The results from the tests demonstrate a successful removal of electrolytic slime by means of ultrasonic vibration of the workpiece. To ensure the stability and reliability of PW-ECM process, a new combined machining method of PW-ECM assisted with ultrasonic vibration （PW-ECM/USV） is devised. Trilateral and square cavities and holes as well as a group of English alphabets are worked out on a stainless steel plate. It is confirmed that PW-ECM will be probably an efficient new aviation precision machining method.