空间用空心阴极研究进展

空心阴极是离子推力器、霍尔推力器、等离子接触器、空心阴极微推力器的核心组件。介绍了国外针对上述空间应用所进行的空心阴极研究进展,分析了国外空间用空心阴极技术的发展趋势,对我国空间用空心阴极技术发展思路提出建议。     

碳气凝胶的传热规律及其在防隔热中的应用

综述了碳气凝胶耐超高温隔热材料的传热特性,分析了传热各组成部分的大小及影响因素,提出作为防隔热应用的碳气凝胶应具有的微观结构.介绍了碳气凝胶的在防隔热应用方面的研究进展及其未来需要解决的问题.     

基于细观颗粒夹杂模型的固体推进剂导热系数预测

为准确预测固体推进剂的导热系数,采用了分子动力学方法对高填充比固体推进剂细观模型进行建模.利用有限元理论对固体推进剂细观模型稳态热传导进行计算,结合计算细观力学均匀化方法,计算了固体推进剂细观模型的均匀温度和热流密度.根据计算所得的平均温度和平均热流密度值求解稳态热传导方程,得到了两相和三相固体推进剂的宏观等效导热系数.其中,两相固体推进剂的仿真结果与试验结果的误差只有3.63%.结果表明:在预测固体推进剂导热系数时,采用固体推进剂的颗粒夹杂模型可以充分考虑粒径大小、颗粒随机分布的影响,更真实地反映固体推进剂的微结构特征,计算结果准确可靠.      

Estimation of Transverse Thermal Conductivity of Doubly-periodic Fiber Reinforced Composites

For steady-state heat conduction, a new variational functional for a unit cell of composites with periodic microstructures is constructed by considering the quasi-periodicity of the temperature field and in the periodicity of the heat flux fields. Then by combining with the eigenfunction expansion of complex potential which satisfies the fiber-matrix interface conditions, an eigenfunction expansion-variational method(EEVM) based on a unit cell is developed. The effective transverse thermal conductivities of doubly-periodic fiber reinforced composites are calculated, and the first-order approximation formula for the square and hexagonal arrays is presented, which is convenient for engineering application. The numerical results show a good convergency of the presented method, even though the fiber volume fraction is relatively high. Comparisons with the existing analytical and experimental results are made to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the first-order approximation formula for the hexagonal array.     

一种Cu-Cr-Nd合金的冷变形及时效特性

采用真空感应熔炼技术浇铸Cu-0.8Cr-0.1Nd(wt%)合金.经过固溶处理、变形和时效处理,利用金相显微镜、显微硬度计、电导仪分析其在铸态以及经过各阶段处理后的显微组织、硬度、电导率的变化.结果表明,添加稀土元素Nd能对铜合金基体起到明显的净化作用,而且对晶粒有一定的细化作用.从实验中还可以看到,Cu-0.8Cr-0.1Nd合金随着时效时间的延长,硬度变化都是先增大而后减小,且变形量越大硬度越小.当达到峰值后,变形量越大的合金硬度下降的幅度越大.不同变形量的合金在时效初期电导率迅速上升,随着时效时间的延长电导率处于平缓上升的趋势,且变形量越大的合金电导率也越大.     

基于改进半阈值算法的电容层析成像滑油监测方法研究

针对航空滑油检测过程中电容层析成像（Electrical Capacitance Tomography,ECT）存在的病态性和欠定性问题,将稀疏正则化中基于L1/2正则化的半阈值迭代算法应用到ECT图像重建,加入L2范数的惩罚项,构造新的泛函模型,并在迭代过程中设计一种新的约束项以优化解向量。仿真实验采用Comsol5.3搭建系统模型,Matlab2014a处理采集数据。实验结果表明,与Landweber迭代算法相比,改进算法成像误差降低37.33%,相关系数提升33.67%;与半阈值迭代算法相比,改进算法成像误差和相关系数分别降低12.31%和提升11.86%,图像误差降低至0.24、相关系数提升至0.92,且成像时间依然保持在0.06s。实际滑油监测的实验系统采用现场可编程门阵列（Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA）直接数字频率生成模块生成数字量的正弦激励信号,通过D/A转化为正负交流信号对测量电极进行激励。实验结果表明,基于ECT系统的改进半阈值迭代算法可以满足航空发动机滑油监测的实时性和准确性的要求。     

民用客机货舱门电作动器设计研究

首先介绍了货舱门电作动控制系统的技术发展趋势,然后对民用客机货舱门电作动控制系统进行了深入研究,最后探讨了系统设计的关键技术。     

Crack monitoring method based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential technique for metal structure

Advanced crack monitoring technique is the cornerstone of aircraft structural health monitoring.To achieve real-time crack monitoring of aircraft metal structures in the course of service,a new crack monitoring method is proposed based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential difference principle.Firstly,insulation treatment process was used to prepare a dielectric layer on structural substrate,such as an anodizing layer on 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate,and then a Cu coating crack monitoring sensor was deposited on the structure fatigue critical parts by pulsed bias arc ion plating technology.Secondly,the damage consistency of the Cu coating sensor and2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate was investigated by static tensile experiment and fatigue test.The results show that strain values of the coating sensor and the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate measured by strain gauges are highly coincident in static tensile experiment and the sensor has excellent fatigue damage consistency with the substrate.Thirdly,the fatigue performance discrepancy between samples with the coating sensor and original samples was investigated.The result shows that there is no obvious negative influence on the fatigue performance of the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy after preparing the Cu coating sensor on its surface.Finally,crack monitoring experiment was carried out with the Cu coating sensor.The experimental results indicate that the sensor is sensitive to crack,and crack origination and propagation can be monitored effectively through analyzing the change of electrical potential values of the coating sensor.     

Best practices for model-based and simulation-aided engineering of power transmission and motion control systems

This paper deals with the modelling and simulation of aircraft systems, in particular for power transmission and control. It is intended to review, propose and disseminate best practices for making model-based/simulation-aided engineering more efficient at any phase of the system life cycle. The proposals are aimed at creating value, not only by increasing the performance of the product under study but also by shortening the time to market, capitalizing knowledge, mitigating risks and facilitating concurrent engineering. The needs associated with the engineering activities are firstly identified to define a set of requirements for the models. Then, these requirements are used to drive the considerations leading to model development, focusing in particular on the process, modelled physical effects, modelling level, model architecting and concurrent engineering. The third part deals with the model implementation, giving special consideration to the different types of models, causalities, parameterization, implementation and verification. Each part is illustrated by examples related to safety critical actuators.