弹体接头对全弹结构动力特性影响研究

在对导弹结构的固有动力特性和响应分析中,我们会发现,轴向分布的接头对于全弹的刚度和阻尼特性都带来明显的扰动,对固有频率的影响最大甚至可达25%左右.所以我们必须对导弹弹体接头的动力特性及它对全弹动力特性的影响做深入研究,从而有效地确定全弹动力特性和数学模型,可靠地控制全弹的结构动力响应特性 [1].     

非稳态流体网络方法在发动机空气冷却系统中的应用

将流体网络法与非稳态模拟方法相结合应用到发动机空气冷却系统沿程温度、压力、流量的非稳态特性预测中.本方法将空气系统简化为节点和元件组成的网络,节点和元件处建立守恒方程,针对传统解法的计算稳定性问题引入了压力修正和积分方法相结合的求解方法.程序应用到可参考对照的模型中得到验证.验证后的程序被应用到发动机轴部冷却通道空气系统非稳态特性预测中.      

肋角度和出流孔位置对流动特性的影响

针对带肋和双排出流孔通道,研究了肋角度和出流孔位置对流量系数分布和总压系数分布的影响.研究的肋角度为60°,90°和120°.出流孔分别位于相邻两肋之间距前肋1/4肋距、两肋中间、距后肋1/4肋距.研究表明:不同的肋角度和出流孔位置不改变流量系数和总压系数沿流向的分布规律;流量系数随肋角度增大而增大;60°和120°肋通道中总压系数绝对值接近且小于90°肋通道中的绝对值;两肋之间,出流孔位置靠近下游,将使流量系数增大,总压系数绝对值增大.      

带扩压叶片的蜗壳流场计算与分析

利用CFD技术,分析了某氧化剂泵蜗壳的截面形状、截面面积变化规律,以及扩压叶片和隔舌相对位置对水力损失的影响。流场计算结果表明,选取合适的截面面积变化规律可以使水力损失显著减小,提高水力性能;扩压叶片与隔舌相对位置对扩散段流场的分布有影响,适当调整可以减小水力损失。     

A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Active Young Sun on the Early Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars

Because the solar radiation and particle environment plays a major role in all atmospheric processes such as ionization, dissociation, heating of the upper atmospheres, and thermal and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes, the long-time evolution of planetary atmospheres and their water inventories can only be understood within the context of the evolving Sun. We compare the effect of solar induced X-ray and EUV (XUV) heating on the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars since the time when the Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence (ZAMS) about 4.6 Gyr ago. We apply a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal balance model for studying heating of the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic chemical reactions and cooling by IR-radiating molecules like CO₂, NO, OH, etc. Our model simulations result in extended thermospheres for early Earth, Venus and Mars. The exospheric temperatures obtained for all the three planets during this time period lead to diffusion-limited hydrodynamic escape of atomic hydrogen and high Jeans’ escape rates for heavier species like H₂, He, C, N, O, etc. The duration of this blow-off phase for atomic hydrogen depends essentially on the mixing ratios of CO₂, N₂ and H₂O in the atmospheres and could last from ∼100 to several hundred million years. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of various non-thermal atmospheric loss processes on Venus and Mars and investigate the possible protecting effect of the early martian magnetosphere against solar wind induced ion pick up erosion. We find that the early martian magnetic field could decrease the ion-related non-thermal escape rates by a great amount. It is possible that non-magnetized early Mars could have lost its whole atmosphere due to the combined effect of its extended upper atmosphere and a dense solar wind plasma flow of the young Sun during about 200 Myr after the Sun arrived at the ZAMS. Depending on the solar wind parameters, our model simulations for early Venus show that ion pick up by strong solar wind from a non-magnetized planet could erode up to an equivalent amount of ∼250 bar of O⁺ ions during the first several hundred million years. This accumulated loss corresponds to an equivalent mass of ∼1 terrestrial ocean (TO (1 TO ∼1.39×10²⁴ g or expressed as partial pressure, about 265 bar, which corresponds to ∼2900 m average depth)). Finally, we discuss and compare our findings with the results of preceding studies.     

光盘形结构风荷载的风洞实验研究

应用风洞模拟实验研究了光盘形状结构的风荷载特性.风洞实验结果表明,在没有周围建筑物影响时,由于光盘形结构的截面具有对称翼型,上、下表面受到风荷载基本上都是负压分布,叠加后作用在光盘结构上的总体风荷载很小.周围建筑的存在对光盘形的风荷载影响很大,有周围建筑时光盘形结构所受的升力要比没有周围建筑时的值大1～3倍以上.特别有趣的是单独光盘形结构的整体风荷载除了受到一个升力的作用外,还受到了一个迎风低头的翻转力矩,为类似结构的风荷载设计提供了有益的启示.     

涡轮轮毂封严冷气对主流影响实验研究

本文针对不同冷气量和不同冷气喷入角组合工况下涡轮轮毂封严冷气对主流影响进行了实验研究,在一列低速涡轮平面叶栅上对不同工况下的叶栅出口流场、通道流场进行了测试。实验结果表明:在1.0%～1.8%冷气量下,1.0%冷气量沿45°喷入对主流影响最小,涡轮叶栅气动性能最优。     

变工况下非轴对称端壁环形叶栅流场特性实验

通过风洞实验对三角函数非轴对称端壁造型法和压差非轴对称端壁造型法设计的环形叶栅在设计工况和非设计工况下的流场参数进行了测量与分析.结果表明:不同进出口条件时,非轴对称端壁造型对于流场参数影响呈现出一些新特点.由于压力面与吸力面上压力改变的幅度大小会因为来流条件的变化而不同,当地总压损失系数会随着出口马赫数的降低而减小,二次流速度矢量分布规律不会随着出口马赫数的变化而不同,但二次流速度大小及通道涡系强度会随着出口马赫数的降低而减小.      

某3级风扇试验流场诊断及性能优化

压气机试验是检验压气机设计是否达标的重要过程,并可在原设计基础上进行优化来发掘设计的潜能。利用级间总压和壁面静压在某3级风扇第1阶段试验对级间流场进行了详细测量和级性能诊断,提出了静叶角度优化方案;通过第2阶段试验,得出了角度优化后使设计转速喘振裕度提高了7.5个百分点,达到了设计指标的结论。流场诊断技术在压气机试验中起到了关键作用。结果表明:壁面静压结合级间径向总压测量方法基本能够满足在压气机试验中性能优化的需要。     

飞机液压系统动态油温计算方法优化

分析了动态油温计算方法的不足,将此方法中的液压油箱计算模型加以优化得到改进的动态油温计算方法,基于功率损失法给出了飞机液压系统中四种典型液压附件的温度计算方程。以某航空液压泵地面试验系统为计算实例,将改进方法计算的结果与试验结果、改进前方法的计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明改进的动态油温计算方法相比改进前的方法具有更高的准确度。