燃烧室结构对固液火箭发动机燃速和性能的影响

对不同燃烧室结构固液火箭发动机进行了二维轴对称一体化数值计算,计算结果表明:燃速随前燃室的增长而增大,增幅越来越小,特征速度和真空比冲随前燃室的增长先增大后趋于平稳.后燃室的长度对燃速没有影响,特征速度和真空比冲随后燃室的增长而增大.相同氧化剂质量流率下,药柱长径比不影响燃速沿轴向分布,平均燃速随药柱长径比的增大而增大,增幅越来越小,最终趋于平稳,特征速度随药柱长径比的增大先增大再减小,在长径比为10.0附近达到最大值.相同理论氧燃比下,燃速随长径比的增大而增大,但不影响燃速的分布趋势;燃烧效率随着长径比的增大先减小再增大;实际氧燃比随长径比的增大而逐渐减小,且变化趋势逐渐缓慢.      

Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio objects in Molniya orbits

For special demands, some notable orbit types have been developed by human, including the Molniya orbits, which have a relatively high eccentricity up to about 0.7, and a period of 12 h. Considering that space debris with high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) has been discovered, such objects may also exist in Molniya orbits due to spacecraft and upper stages fragmentation events. However, there are not sufficient studies of the complex dynamical phenomena of such orbits. These studies can enrich the knowledge about the long-term evolution of these orbits, be helpful to propose uncatalogued objects observation and identification, and also set the protected region as well as active debris removal. In this paper, the characteristics of 2:1 resonance of Molniya satellite orbits are studied. A large set of numerical simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, is carried out to further investigate the main characteristics, and special attention is payed to the dynamical evolution of objects with high A/M, particularly affected by the direct solar radiation pressure. The long-term dynamical evolution of orbital elements, as well as the dependency of lifetime on the A/M value, is discussed.     

GNSS接收机中一种新的射频干扰抑制级联方法

为了减少系统复杂度和提高系统实时性,提出了一种新的级联算法。首先,通过三系数滤波器模型对连续波干扰进行建模,从而形成一种非线性卡尔曼自适应滤波器,并利用该滤波器作为预处理器对每路中的窄带干扰进行抑制。随后,将各路滤波器的输出送入空时自适应处理器中进行宽带干扰的抑制。仿真结果表明,在匹配谱干扰环境下,特别是在窄带干扰从卫星信号方向入射时,新算法相对于普通的空时和空频自适应处理表现出了更加优越的性能。     

Application of Analytic Redundancy-based Fault Diagnosis of Sensors to Onboard Maintenance System

Analytic redundancy-based fault diagnosis technique (ARFDT) is applied to onboard maintenance system (OMS). The principle of the proposed ARFDT scheme is to design a redundancy configuration using ARFDT to enhance the functions of redundancy management and built in test equipment (BITE) monitor. Redundancy configuration for dual-redundancy and analytic redundancy is proposed, in which, the fault diagnosis includes detection and isolation. In order to keep the balance between rapid diagnosis and binary hypothesis, a filter together with an elapsed time limit is designed for sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) in the process of isolation. Diagnosis results would be submitted to central maintenance computer (CMC) together with BITE information. Moreover, by adopting reconstruction, the designed method not only provides analytic redundancy to help redundancy management, but also compensates the output when both of the sensors of the same type are faulty. Our scheme is applied to an aircraft’s sensors in a simulation experiment, and the results show that the proposed filter SPRT (FSPRT) saves at least 50% of isolation time than Wald SPRT (WSPRT). Also, effectiveness, practicability and rapidity of the proposed scheme can be successfully achieved in OMS.     

极小展弦比背鳍气动特性研究

对极小展弦比背鳍进行了风洞实验和CFD分析。研究表明：亚声速大迎角下背鳍涡破裂影响不严重,且涡破裂迎角较大;正侧滑通常使背鳍法向力增加,负侧滑使法向力降低;CFD分析证实了大负侧滑条件下翼片法向力会变成负值,从而引起十字翼在倾斜条件下滚转力矩发生突变。     

不同模型堵塞比的超声速风洞二次喉道优化

为了延长采用真空球排气系统的超声速风洞的工作时间,拟采用二次喉道提高真空球临界工作压强。本文针对Ma=4和Ma=7超声速风洞,采用计算流体软件系统地研究了不同发动机堵塞比对二次喉道起动能力的影响以及不同尺度的二次喉道对真空球临界工作压强的影响。研究结果表明,随着发动机堵塞比的增大,二次喉道的临界起动直径相应增大,呈非线性变化,同时,真空球的临界工作压强下降。因此,二次喉道直径应针对不同的模拟状态和发动机堵塞比范围综合优化选取。     

针对机载应用的H.264编码器评估方法

本文针对机载图像实时压缩的应用需求,讨论了一种H.264编码器性能的评估方法.该方法以典型的机载视频画面为测试序列,对编码器设定一组恒定QP值进行编码,将压缩后码流比特率与标准算法对比,评判编码器性能的优劣.通过对三种不同编码器的测试对比,证明了该评估方法的有效性.     

扰流板进气总压畸变试验

在吊舱进气道进口安装扰流板进行试验,研究扰流板进气畸变的影响因素及总压畸变特征。试验得到了进气道出口若干马赫数下进气总压畸变的定量数据,研究了进气道出口压力分布和畸变指数随飞行马赫数、扰流板堵塞比、进气道出口马赫数的变化关系。试验结果表明：进气道出口对应点总压恢复系数随扰流板堵塞比和进气道出口马赫数的减小而增大,几乎不随飞行马赫数发生变化;受扰流板、飞行侧滑角以及发动机低压转子转向影响,进气道出口局部区域存在高压区,高压区域的大小和位置随飞行马赫数、扰流板堵塞比、进气道出口马赫数的变化而变化;各总压畸变指数随扰流板堵塞比和进气道出口马赫数增大而增大,飞行马赫数对畸变指数影响很小。同时,数值计算了不同飞行马赫数下进气道出口总压畸变特征及周向稳态畸变指数,与试验结果结论一致,验证了试验结果的可靠性,也证明了数值计算在总压畸变研究中的有效性。研究工作为进一步的空中逼喘试验奠定了基础。     

扰流柱几何参数对层板流阻和换热特性的影响

研究了扰流柱几何参数中填充比和直径比对于层板结构流阻和换热特性的影响,在进口流量和两侧换热条件相同情况下,对孔径、通道高度和开孔率相同,扰流柱均为圆柱形,出气孔均倾斜60°角,但扰流柱填充比和扰流柱直径比不一样的15种模型进行了流固耦合计算,得到了模型的流阻和换热特性.结果表明对于流阻而言,填充比的增加有利于层板模型流阻的减小和换热效率的提高;同时,在等填充比条件下,主扰流柱直径的增加有利于层板流阻的减小;当主、副扰流柱直径相同时,换热效果达到最佳.      

扰流柱分布对层板流阻和换热性能的影响

研究了层板内部扰流柱排列形式对于层板结构流阻和换热性能的影响,在相同的两侧换热条件和进口流量条件下,对孔径、通道高度、开孔率和填充比相同,扰流柱均为圆柱形,出气孔均倾斜300角,对扰流柱个数和排列形式不一样的六种模型进行了流固耦合计算,得到了六种模型的流阻和换热特性。结果表明对于流阻而言,在等填充比条件下,同一种排列形式的层板结构,扰流柱越靠近出气孔,层板出气流阻越小。扰流柱的个数越少,腔内流阻越小。对于换热而言,在等填充比条件下,扰流柱个数越多,换热效果越好,扰流柱排列方式的变化,会改变气流流动结构,在一定程度上改变层板换热性能。