The ionosphere and the Latin America VLF Network Mexico (LAVNet-Mex) station

In order to detect and study the ionospheric response to solar flares (transient high energy solar radiation), we have constructed a radio receiver station at Mexico City, which is part of the “Latin American Very low frequency Network” (LAVNet-Mex). This station extends to the northern hemisphere the so called “South American VLF Network”.     

A priori zenith wet delays in the analysis of VLBI CONT sessions

Tropospheric delay is one of the major sources of error in VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) analysis. The principal component of this error can be accurately computed through reliable surface pressure data —hydrostatic delay— yet there is also a small but volatile component —wet delay— which is difficult to be modelled a priori. In VLBI analysis, troposphere delay is typically modelled in the theoretical delays using Zenith Hydrostatic Delays (ZHD) and a dry mapping function. Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) is not modelled but estimated in the analysis process. This work studies inter alia the impact of including external GNSS estimates to model a priori ZWD in VLBI analysis, as well as other models of a priori ZWD.In a first stage, two different sources of GNSS troposphere products are compared to VLBI troposphere estimates in a period of 5 years. The solution with the best agreement to VLBI results is injected in the VLBI analysis as a priori ZWD value and is compared to other options to model a priori ZWD. The dataset used for this empirical analysis consists of the six CONT campaigns.It has been found that modelling a priori ZWD has no significant impact either on baseline length and coordinates repeatabilities. Nevertheless, modelling a priori ZWD can change the magnitude of the estimated coordinates a few millimeters in the up component with respect to the non-modelling approach. In addition, the influence of a priori ZWD on Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) and troposphere estimates —Zenith Total Delays (ZTD) and gradients—has also been analysed, resulting in a small but significant impact on both geodetic products.     

Estimation of Galactic Cosmic Ray exposure inside and outside the Earth’s magnetosphere during the recent solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

The evidently low solar activity observed between solar cycles 23 and 24 during the years 2008–2010 led to a substantial increase in the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) intensity in comparison with preceding solar minima. As the GCRs consist of highly-ionizing charged particles having the potential to cause biological damage, they are a subject of concern for manned missions to space. With the enhanced particle fluxes observed between 2008 and 2010, it is reasonable to assume that the radiation exposure from GCR must have also increased to unusually high levels. In this paper, the GCR exposure outside and inside the Earth’s magnetosphere is numerically calculated for time periods starting from 1970 to the end of 2011 in order to investigate the increase in dose levels during the years 2008–2010 in comparison with the last three solar minima. The dose rates were calculated in a water sphere, used as a surrogate for the human body, either unshielded or surrounded by aluminium shielding of 0.3, 10 or 40 g/cm².     

中巴地球资源卫星的文件体系及特点

介绍了资源卫星的文件体系,指出了它的特点。文章介绍了３份系统级管理文件;４份系统级技术文件;两个树状文件一工作说明树和规范树;１１份接口数据单及其它一些文件。说明了它们的用途及主要内容。这些文件可供国际合作研制卫星参考,也可供中国卫星研制汲取其长处,加强研制管理,提高研制水平和效率。     

地球资源卫星轨道设计

本文提出了满足设计要求的地球资源卫星轨道参数的计算方法。并且提出了使得地面轨迹形成覆盖循环所需要满足的简要公式。     

基于地轴矢量解算的SINS无纬度支持自对准方法

针对无纬度条件下SINS初始对准问题,提出了一种基于地轴矢量解算的对准方法。在静止基座下,利用陀螺仪敏感地轴矢量,直接建立导航系轴向矢量在载体系的正交投影,解析式确定姿态矩阵;晃动基座条件下,根据惯性系重力矢量观测,构建以地轴矢量为旋转轴的两组等角旋转矢量序列,利用QUEST算法求解旋转四元数实现对地轴矢量的优化解算,并以此建立导航系轴向矢量的载体惯性系投影,最后利用陀螺跟踪载体系相对惯性系的变化,确定载体系相对导航系的姿态关系。静止基座解算实验表明直接解析式对准与传统的解析式对准精度相当,但解算效率得到了提高;晃动基座仿真与船载实验均表明基于四元数的地轴矢量优化解算在精度上要优于三矢量几何解算方法,引入低通滤波环节后,对准精度进一步提高。     

飞月轨道引力捕获设计方法研究

利用太阳引力摄动与月球绕飞设计的地月转移轨道（飞月轨道），与霍曼转移相比，虽然飞行时间较长（约三、四个月），但可显著节省速度增量（可达１５０米／秒），对无人月球探测器尤为适合。应用平面圆型限制性四体问题动力学模型，选择从月球出发的初始条件。借助“地心距－时间曲线”，从平面圆型限制性四体问题转换为一般的限制性四体问题。通过典型模拟计算，分析负向积分（从月球轨道出发）初始轨道参数及太阳方位对月球探测器     

对地观测多载荷任务规划的建模与算法

研究了空间对地观测中配备多个有效载荷时的观测任务规划问题。首先建立了该问题的组合优化数学模型,优化指标考虑了科学和经济利益的最大化和各项资源约束;然后应用遗传算法对该问题进行了求解,并与贪婪算法结果进行比较;最后,验证了模型的有效性和算法的优越性。     

对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口快速算法

为减少对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口的计算,根据建立的卫星对区域目标的观测模型,提出了卫星观测区域目标时间窗口的大圆近似快速算法,给出了算法具体步骤。仿真算例结果表明:时间窗口起点误差小于0.5 s,时间窗口长度误差小于0.723%,计算时间减少了99.87%.     

Education and public outreach program for IHY – A global approach

Education and public outreach (EPO) is one of the four components of the International Heliophysical Year (IHY). It is fundamental in achieving one of IHY’s primary objectives which is to “demonstrate the beauty, relevance and significance of Space and Earth science to the world.”