高速转子连接结构刚度损失及振动特性

高负荷航空发动机转子的转速和支点跨度不断加大,使得转子弯曲刚度下降,并在工作中具有一定弯曲变形。转子弯曲变形时,连接界面会存在刚度损失,需考虑转子弯曲变形对连接界面刚度特性及转子系统振动特性的影响。提出了定量描述连接界面刚度损失的力学模型,并针对非连续转子系统的动力学设计,提出了基于应变能分布优化的连接结构刚度损失抑制方法。数值仿真结果表明:转子弯曲变形下,连接界面刚度损失显著,会使转子弯曲临界转速大幅降低;通过转子应变能分布优化设计可有效降低连接界面刚度损失对转子系统振动特性的影响,对转子系统振动特性优化设计具有重要的指导意义。      

涡轮叶片带扰流柱尾缘通道冷气流动的数值分析(“两机”专刊)

在涡轮叶片尾缘通道中添加扰流柱可以改变尾缝内冷气流量的分配及流场均匀性,但同时会增加流阻,因此尾缘通道中扰流柱和尾缝的几何匹配对叶片的换热性能有较大影响。本文采用数值方法,以尾缘通道内无扰流柱模型M0为基准模型,对比分析在静止和三种旋转速度下带有三种不同扰流柱结构的尾缘内部流动。其中,M1添加单列扰流柱,数目13,直径D=2mm;M2与M3添加双列叉排扰流柱,数目分别为16和17,直径D=1.2mm,两模型仅在靠近尾缝1处扰流柱布局不同。数值结果揭示：（1）尾缘通道扰流柱可有效增加各尾缝冷气出流的均匀性,对1~3尾缝内的流动影响较大,小直径叉排扰流柱布置形式更优于大直径单排;（2）与M0相比,三组带扰流柱模型的通道压力损失稍有增加。其中,M2和M3基本相同,因对流场扰动较大,略高于M1;（3）随着旋转速度的增加,尾缝内压力损失逐渐降低,但四组模型尾缝内的流场结构没有明显改变。     

改进参考模型的涡扇发动机多变量模型参考自适应控制

针对涡扇发动机难以获得精确数学模型和普通模型参考自适应控制不保证动态性能的问题,提出了一种具有改进参考模型的涡扇发动机多变量模型参考自适应控制方法。采用状态反馈形式设计了状态跟踪的多变量自适应控制器,其中对参考模型作了引入跟踪误差反馈的改进,使得高自适应增益下跟踪曲线的超调得到明显的抑制,动态响应得到改善。应用该方法对涡扇发动机非线性部件级模型进行仿真分析,结果表明,控制系统调节时间小于2s,无稳态误差,具有良好的控制品质。     

跨声速压气机转子叶尖泄漏涡非定常特性数值研究

为了研究跨声速单转子压气机系统叶尖泄漏涡的非定常特性,选取Rotor 67孤立转子为研究对象,针对不同背压工况与不同转速工况进行了非定常数值模拟。结果表明:在每一转速状态都存在一非定常边界,其将特性线分为定常部分和非定常部分。当转子运行在特性线非定常部分时,随着背压提高,叶尖泄漏涡脉动频率逐渐减小。这是由于背压提高使叶尖前缘负荷变小,叶尖泄漏涡的驱动力也变小。叶尖泄漏涡的频率特征与转子转速息息相关。高转速状态时叶尖泄漏涡主要表现出低频特征,低转速状态时叶尖泄漏涡主要表现出高频特征。这是由于转速不同,叶尖激波的脱体程度不同,激波对于叶尖泄漏涡的激励位置也不同。由非定常叶尖泄漏涡引起的压力波的周向传播速度在各转速下表现出较强的规律性。随着流量系数的减小,压力波波速呈线性减小趋势,且各转速下减小的速率大致相同。且在波速-流量系数曲线中,各转速的非定常状态起始点基本位于同一条直线。      

A step deformation method for superplasticity improvement of coarse-grained Ti–15V–3Cr-3Sn-3Al

Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al(Ti–15–3), a kind of metastable beta titanium which has high specific strength and good cold-formability, is highlighted for applications in the aerospace manufacture industry. However, the technique for improving its formability at elevated temperatures is still a challenge at present. In this work, a step deformation method is proposed for superplasticity improvement of coarse grained Ti–15–3 plates at temperatures around its beta transus. The effects of the strain rate and the strain at the first stage on the superplasticity are investigated. The results show an increase of the strain rate sensitivity and a decrease of the flow stress under the step deformation mode compared to those obtained under constant strain rates at 780℃. The maximum strain to failure obtained in the step mode is 93% higher than that deformed in the constant strain rate mode. Strain rates, strains at the first stage, and temperatures have influences on the superplasticity improvement. The deformation mechanism is concluded as subgrain formation accommodated by grain boundary sliding rate-controlled by dislocation climb. The improved m value in the step deformation is accounted to the extra dislocation density produced during the strain rate reduction.     

某典型飞行器模型俯仰/滚转两自由度耦合动态气动特性

先进飞行器在大迎角高机动飞行过程中,气动力复杂演化与运动姿态剧烈变化的相互作用,容易诱发俯仰拉起的滚转或侧偏等耦合运动,呈现出十分强烈的多自由度动态气动力特性。为此,选取某典型四代机修型设计模型,利用FL-26风洞专用的俯仰/滚转两自由度动态试验装置,开展了单自由度和俯仰/滚转两自由度耦合运动的动态气动力特性研究。结果表明,研究模型在迎角30°左右会出现滚转单自由度的侧偏和小振幅摇滚运动现象;俯仰单自由度振动条件下,模型法向力和俯仰力矩会出现明显的气动迟滞特性;在强迫俯仰/自由滚转（或强迫滚转）两自由度耦合运动情况下,模型的侧偏运动幅值得到了一定的抑制,但纵横向气动力都出现了迟滞现象,甚至是多个气动迟滞环结构,容易引发耦合失稳发散。     

基于结构张量特征的机体损伤区域动态划分

为提升飞机结构损伤维修分析的智能化水平,实现飞机结构损伤模型的高效重构,提出了基于结构张量特征的动态阈值损伤区域划分方法。首先,引入结构张量理论,特征表示图像局部颜色结构纹理,完备损伤图像特征表示;其次,通过构建共性分布的结构张量特征空间,从而使不同损伤图像具有一致性损伤区域划分流程;在此基础上,定义了动态阈值划分算子,并通过对动态阈值划分算子参数的计算,实现结构张量特征空间中的动态阈值划分;最后,选用不同飞机结构损伤实例图像对方法进行了对比验证。验证结果表明,相比于传统灰度方法、固定阈值划分和其他动态阈值划分算子,椭圆算子划分得到的损伤边界连贯完整,能够有效分割微小裂纹,噪点较少,质量较优。该方法运算高效、流程统一、特征表示完备,对不同类型结构损伤的适用性好。     

Investigating the soil removal characteristics of flexible tube coring method for lunar exploration

Compared with other technical solutions, sampling the planetary soil and returning it back to Earth may be the most direct method to seek the evidence of extraterrestrial life. To keep sample’s stratification for further analyzing, a novel sampling method called flexible tube coring has been adopted for China future lunar explorations. Given the uncertain physical properties of lunar regolith, proper drilling parameters should be adjusted immediately in piercing process. Otherwise, only a small amount of core could be sampled and overload drilling faults could occur correspondingly. Due to the fact that the removed soil is inevitably connected with the cored soil, soil removal characteristics may have a great influence on both drilling loads and coring results. To comprehend the soil removal characteristics, a non-contact measurement was proposed and verified to acquire the coring and removal results accurately. Herein, further more experiments in one homogenous lunar regolith simulant were conducted, revealing that there exists a sudden core failure during the sampling process and the final coring results are determined by the penetration per revolution index. Due to the core failure, both drilling loads and soil’s removal states are also affected thereby.