可控曲率半径的圆柱形叶片逐点绘型方法

针对中低比转速离心泵,根据叶片进出口边界条件,以逐点绘型方法为基础,提出了一种新的曲率半径可控的叶片绘型方法。该方法的主要特点是曲率半径比值可作为设计常量由设计人员根据需要事先给定,随后分析了曲率半径及比例因子对叶片安放角、叶片包角、相对速度及速度矩等的影响。结果表明,不同曲率半径比值下的叶型参数及流动参数变化范围很大,曲率半径比值较大时,节流损失较大,泵扬程较低,曲率半径比值较小时,脱流损失较大,泵效率较低,存在较优的曲率半径比值区间[1.4,2.4],使叶片安放角平滑变化,泵的综合性能较优,在该优化区间内,取较大的曲率半径比值有利于获得较优的汽蚀性能,比例因子为0时叶片安放角的变化较为平稳,可用于开展离心泵的初步设计。     

新一代战斗机非定常流动数值研究综述

新一代战斗机强调超机动能力和强隐身性，其中大攻角下的静态失速、动态失速及内埋弹仓绕流是与高机动和强隐身密切相关的、极具挑战的几类典型的非定常流动，它们对数值方法提出了极高的要求。为了高精度地仿真流场、清楚地揭示流动机理，有效地控制非定常流动，非常有必要发展高精度且高效率的RANS-LES混合方法体系，包含RANS-LES混合方法本身、与RANS-LES混合方法匹配的高精度自适应耗散格式、基准湍流模式、高质量计算网格、高精度时间推进方法、非定常量的统计方法等，具有极强的紧迫性。提出、发展、验证并应用该类方法数值仿真新一代战斗机（包括单独部件、组合体、甚至全机）的非定常流动，数值预测结果与风洞实验数据吻合良好；此类方法可为新型战斗机设计提供理论依据和分析手段。     

微分法在定位误差分析与计算中的应用

介绍了微分法分析计算定位误差的原理和适用范围,通过生产实例分析,证明了该方法在解决多误差因素定位误差分析与计算中的简便与快捷,从而有效简化了复杂定位方案定位误差的分析与计算,提高了夹具的设计效率。     

Is the phenology-based algorithm for mapping deciduous rubber plantations applicable in an emerging region of northern Laos?

Updated information of rubber plantations is essential for assessing socioeconomic and environmental impacts, especially in the emerging region of northern tropics. Here, a phenological method was modified to detect rubber plantations using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery in Phongsaly Province of northern Laos, where it begun a rubber boom in the mid-2000s due to geo-economic cooperation. It highlighted the landscape and pixel differences of deciduous rubber plantations in the tri-temporal phases (i.e., pre-defoliation, defoliation, and foliation) during the dry season due to phenological changes. Six commonly used vegetation indices (VIs), including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Land Surface Water Index (LSWI), Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI), Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR and NBR2) derived from OLI imagery during 2013–2016 were compared to determine the most suitable VI for discriminating the phenological differences of rubber plantations from natural forests. Then, the Differences of Normalized Burn Ratio (DNBR) was applied to generate the 30 m map of rubber plantations in 2016, by combining two masks of Landsat-derived forest and suitable elevation for rubber trees cultivation. The resultant map of rubber plantations had a classification accuracy of 93.7% and the Kappa coefficient of 0.848. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of the Landsat-derived tri-temporal phenological DNBR approach in an emerging region of northern Laos, despite requiring more scenes compared with single- and double temporal window methods.     

ZYTC600专用镗床精密转台微调机构设计与分析

为解决框架类零件的高位置度孔的精密镗削加工问题,研发了ZYTC600专用镗削机床.其精度指标优于现有的通用镗床(包括进口镗床),尺寸在500mm范围内,同轴度优于2μm,垂直度优于5μm,其中的关键部件双回转轴系分度精密转台采用了一套精密调整机构,可以实现0.2s”的精密调整,通过有限元分析得到其驱动刚度可达到800N/μm,可以满足加工需求.     

基于液体静压导轨的大行程快刀伺服系统设计

采用了理论设计和有限元仿真分析相结合的方法,设计了基于液体静压导轨的大行程快刀伺服系统(最大加工行程30mm,行程4mm时频响不低于50Hz).首先,设计得到了基于液体静压导轨的大行程快刀伺服系统的结构模型和相关参数;接着,利用ANSYS/FLUENT软件对液体静压导轨的变形、模态以及油膜压力分布进行仿真分析,并且将油膜刚度的理论计算值和仿真计算值进行比较,验证了导轨设计的可靠性;最后,选用能够满足要求的音圈电机、位置反馈装置以及功能强大的MPAC运动控制器等完成了控制系统的搭建.     

Plastic wrinkling prediction in thin-walled part forming process:A review

The precision forming of thin-walled components has been urgently needed in aviation and aerospace field. However, the wrinkling induced by the compressive instability is one of the major defects in thin-walled part forming. The initiation and growth of the wrinkles are interac-tively affected by many factors such as stress states, mechanical properties of the material, geometry of the workpiece and boundary conditions. Especially when the forming process involves compli-cated boundary conditions such as multi-dies constrains, the perturbation of clearances between workpiece and dies and the contact conditions changing in time and space, etc., the predication of the wrinkling is further complicated. In this paper, the current prediction methods were summa-rized including the static equilibrium method, the energy method, the initial imperfection method, the eigenvalue buckling analysis method, the static-implicit finite element method and the dynamic-explicit finite element method. Then, a systematical comparison and summary of these methods in terms of their advantages and limitations are presented. By using a combination of explicit FE method, initial imperfection and energy conservation, a hybrid method is recommended to predict plastic wrinkling in thin-walled part forming. Finally, considering the urgent requirements of com-plex thin-walled structures’ part in aviation and aerospace field, the trends and challenges in wrin-kling prediction under complicated boundary conditions are presented.     

基于H∞方法的控制系统作动器最优控制仿真研究

在设计控制系统模型时,首先引入了有限差分法(FDM)离散化后的波动方程,然后基于H∞最优控制原理,检查闭环控制系统的稳定性和可探测性,对控制系统传感器和作动器的位置进行优化配置.通过计算闭环反馈系统的范数,最终得到了控制系统的最优控制算法.仿真结果表明,利用波动方程来优化控制系统传感器和作动器位置的算法是可行的,可广泛应用于飞控系统的设计中.     

热力学排气系统中节流效应及其冷量利用分析

为更好地理解热力学排气系统(TVS)的运行机理，优化其运行参数，针对节流装置，建立了热力学模型，讨论了节流过程中状态参数的变化规律，对比了单相气体、单相液体节流的性能特性，进一步揭示了焦汤节流效应的原理，分析了不同节流背压下节流前低温工质(液氢和液氧)压力和温度对节流性能的影响，并结合TVS实际应用，阐述了节流最大制冷量的利用效果，提出了优化的TVS工作区间。研究表明：在节流过程不发生相变情况下单相气体节流制冷效应要比单相液体节流制冷效应更加显著；而在节流过程发生相变情况下液体节流至两相后，由于空化吸热导致流体温度降低，对于液氢，0.5MPa的压降可产生接近3 K的温降。对于液体节流，节流前压力对节流过程影响可忽略，〖JP2〗而节流前温度和节流背压对节流过程起主导作用；对于液氢在在轨运行工况下，考虑到节流制冷量的充分利用，同时保证换热过程体积含气率不高于90%，推荐TVS系统中节流背压范围为75～143 kPa。     

基于改进准则法的复合壳阻尼结构拓扑减振动力学优化

针对复合壳阻尼结构的拓扑减振优化问题，以约束阻尼层的有限单元为设计变量，采用体积比、模态频率和振型为优化约束条件，构建以多模态权重系数的结构模态损耗因子数值关系为优化目标函数的拓扑减振优化模型。为了拓展优化目标灵敏度具有不局限于某一变密度法插值模型的形式，推导了数值表达式的一般函数式。动力学优化中优化目标灵敏度正、负数集共存，使得非凸性的目标函数设计变量出现负值或优化函数寻优于局部极值点。为此，推导出复合壳阻尼结构的全域灵敏度改进优化准则法迭代格，以确保每次迭代域均为全域设计变量集。结合有限单元法编程实现了复合壳阻尼结构改进准则法，并对复合壳结构进行拓扑减振优化分析。结果表明：在敷设体积减为全覆盖的50%时，复合壳结构的模态损耗因子增减偏差为10%，具有提升减振的轻量化设计目的；各阶目标函数和拓扑构型所需的迭代次数少，中间密度区域较小，多阶优于单阶模态优化函数，易于获得全域寻优的有效减振。