Built-up land mapping capabilities of the ASTER and Landsat ETM+ sensors in coastal areas of southeastern China

Worldwide urbanization has accelerated expansion of urban built-up lands and resulted in substantial negative impacts on the global environments. Precisely measuring the urban sprawl is becoming an increasing need. Among the satellite-based earth observation systems, the Landsat and ASTER data are most suitable for mesoscale measurements of urban changes. Nevertheless, to date the difference in the capability of mapping built-up land between the two sensors is not clear. Therefore, this study compared the performances of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and ASTER sensors for built-up land mapping in the coastal areas of southeastern China. The comparison was implemented on three date-coincident image pairs and achieved by using three approaches, including per-band-based, index-based, and classification-based comparisons. The index used is the Index-based Built-up Index (IBI), while the classification algorithm employed is the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results show that in the study areas, ETM+ and ASTER have an overall similar performance in built-up land mapping but also differ in several aspects. The IBI values determined from ASTER were consistently higher than from ETM+ by up to 45.54% according to percentage difference. The ASTER also estimates more built-up land area than ETM+ by 5.9–6.3% estimated with the IBI-based approach or 3.9–6.1% with the SVM classification. The differences in the spectral response functions and spatial resolution between relative spectral bands of the two sensors are attributed to these different performances.     

统一系统载波捕获方法研究

介绍了现代统一系统中载波频率快速捕获的几种方法,并提出了统一系统载波快速捕获的一种算法。最后,通过对几种不同方法的计算时间与识别精度的比较,验证了该算法的高效性。     

基于二维资源管理的多功能雷达任务调度算法

动态孔径分割技术为相控阵雷达针对不同任务灵活分配孔径资源提供了可能,而传统的资源调度方法仅基于单一孔径条件研究了时间资源的优化分配问题。针对雷达搜索、跟踪与成像任务的自适应调度问题,提出了一种基于时间-孔径二维资源管理的雷达资源调度算法。该算法建立了雷达孔径分割条件下的二维资源调度模型,确立了能量资源约束条件;利用基于压缩感知的稀疏孔径逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像技术,使雷达在完成目标搜索和跟踪任务的同时实现对目标的成像;定义了调度算法性能的评价指标。在仿真实验中将该算法与另外2种算法进行对比,验证了所提算法在高度成功率、二维资源利用率与任务并行度这3种性能指标上具有优越性。     

涡桨发动机总体性能优化设计

为提高非设计状态下发动机总体性能预估精度,发展了0D/2D耦合总体性能预估方法。针对某型3轴涡轮螺旋桨发动机建立了基于T-MATS平台的涡桨发动机总体性能0D仿真模型。对涡桨发动机可用功分配提出了2种优化方案。对原方案和2种优化方案的自由涡轮、尾喷管2个部件进行了2D流道和叶型设计,通过S_1流面与通流CFD计算验证了所设计部件的气动性能满足发动机总体性能指标要求。为提高非设计状态下发动机总体性能预估精度,采用0D/2D耦合总体性能预估方法分析了3种方案。结果表明:优化方案1使发动机当量耗油率在设计、巡航、地面状态分别降低2.1%、1.2%、2.0%。     

Zn-Cr2AlC复合材料的制备与摩擦磨损性能

为改善金属Zn的摩擦磨损性能,采用热压法制备Cr₂AlC陶瓷颗粒增强Zn基复合材料,并研究了Cr₂AlC质量分数对复合材料的金相组织、维氏硬度、相对密度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的硬度随着Cr₂AlC质量分数的适量增加而明显升高。当Cr₂AlC的质量分数达到20%时,复合材料的硬度是纯Zn的1.52倍。摩擦磨损实验表明,Cr₂AlC颗粒的引入,可显著改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,摩擦系数由纯Zn的0.75降到Zn-20%Cr₂AlC的0.65,Zn-30%Cr₂AlC的磨损率相比纯Zn下降了80.54%。分析磨损表面形貌,得出其磨损类型为磨粒磨损和剥层磨损。     

一种三维激光扫描系统的设计及参数标定

基于三维激光扫描系统的移动机器人动态环境地图构建技术是机器人智能感知技术的重要组成部分,而三维激光扫描系统的设计及标定技术对于地图构建的精度有决定性的影响。针对应用于小型移动机器人的三维激光扫描系统低成本、小型化的需求,设计了一套由高精度旋转云台和小型二维激光测距传感器组成的三维激光扫描系统,并提出了一种新的系统参数标定方法以提高三维扫描测量的准确度。该方法使用镂空圆孔标定板作为标定对象以完成对三维扫描特征自动准确获取,并根据非线性最小二乘法对三维激光扫描系统的参数进行优化计算。实验结果表明,所设计的三维激光扫描系统能够准确地测量周围环境的三维信息,实现了以低成本获得高质量环境建模的三维扫描数据技术。      

动量矩方程的剪切积分解析表示式

本文采用两层涡粘性模型和速度剖面的指数律,导出了可压缩动量矩方程的剪切积分解析表示式,从而大大简化了边界层计算。和其它理论结果相比,本结果更接近于实验数据。     

富铈稀土对氧化锆泡沫陶瓷过滤器性能及晶相组织结构的影响

通过实验，研究了富铈稀土对氧化锆泡沫陶瓷机械性能及晶相组织结构的影响，探索了以MgO稳定氧化锆为基体材料，通过加入适量的富铈稀土来提高氧化锆泡沫陶瓷过滤器韧性和抗压强度的可能性。     

Future X-ray astronomy missions of Japan

Japanese future space programs for high energy astrophysics are presented. The Astro-E2 mission which is the recovery mission of the lost Astro-E has been approved and now scheduled to be put in orbit in early 2005. The design of the whole spacecraft remains the same as that of Astro-E, except for some improvements in the scientific instruments. In spite of the five years of delay, Astro-E2 is still powerful and timely X-ray mission, because of the high energy resolution spectroscopy (FWHM 6 eV in 0.3–10 keV) and high-sensitivity wide-band spectroscopy (0.3–600 keV). The NeXT (New X-ray Telescope) mission, which we propose to have around 2010, succeeds and extends the science which Astro-E2 will open. It will carry five or six sets of X-ray telescopes which utilize super-mirror technology to enable hard X-ray imaging up to 60–80 keV. In mid-2010s, we would participate in the European XEUS mission, which explores the early (z>5) “hot” universe.     

应用于燃气轮机余热回收系统的超临界CO2径流式透平性能探究

为研究应用于燃气轮机余热回收系统的超临界CO₂（SCO₂）径流式透平整机性能,基于RANS（雷诺时均）模型,对透平整机系统内部流场进行数值模拟,获得了SCO₂径流式透平整机在起动、升速、自持及额定工况下的运行情况,并针对出口压力变化分析了透平非设计工况下的性能。模拟结果表明：透平起动工况下会发生运行失稳,产生“倒吸”现象且通道内出现大面积的低速区域,但随转速增加流动趋于稳定;叶顶间隙的泄漏流会对透平的性能产生不利影响,额定工况下0.5 mm的间隙使透平减少近47 kW的功率输出,等熵效率降低6%左右;轮背密封可以起到良好密封作用,密封引入气还提高了透平整机的功率和效率;在偏离设计点工况运行时,透平可以有效应对出口压力的变化;通过对比简化通道和全周通道的仿真数据,透平轴功率和等熵效率的误差均在0.5%以内,可知应用简化通道模型仿真能够保证计算精度。因此,在SCO₂径流式透平的仿真与应用过程中,研究人员要注重透平低速起动工况下的运行,以及叶顶间隙对这种小尺寸高转速透平机性能的影响。