Gamma astrometric measurement experiment (GAME) – Science case

We report here on the science case of a concept for a satellite orbiting at 1 AU from the Sun and using a baffled Fizeau interferometer to look as close as possible to its limb. This configuration, and the need for looking nearby the Sun, is required for the main scientific driver of the mission, namely the measure of the γ parameter of the Parameterized Post-Newtonian formulation to the 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁷ level at least. This would lead to an accurate test of the General Theory of Relativity against other alternative theories of gravity, and set stringent constraints on some of the most significant issues of Astrophysics like those involving exotic forms of dark matter and dark energy. Exploiting the possibilities offered by the observation strategy, it is also possible to target other interesting scientific goals. One is, again, in the realm of General Relativity and aims at measuring the light deflection nearby the Giant Planets to detect asymmetric effects induced by their quadrupoles, predicted by GR but never measured so far. Others can be found in the observation of selected extrasolar systems where, e.g., the astrometric and photometric capabilities of GAME will help to improve on the knowledge of the brown-dwarf regime and on the search for exo-planets with the transit method, respectively.     

火星盘缝带伞跨声速风洞试验研究

火星着陆器在进入减速着陆过程中降落伞是必需的气动力减速装置,然而火星大气的特殊性使得火星降落伞开伞工作时具有超声速、低密度、低动压的特点,因而火星降落伞的构型、参数选择非常关键。文章在对火星盘缝带伞进行理论分析和国际应用研究的基础上,选取四种典型结构参数的盘缝带伞型,即常规透气量和低透气量的探路者型和海盗型伞型,在中国国内首次进行了亚-跨声速风洞试验,对这四种伞型在亚-跨声速下的阻力特性和稳定性开展研究。风洞试验采用横梁式测力天平测量阻力,同时用影像设备观察伞的摆动角度。研究结果表明,盘缝带伞的跨声速段阻力系数与理论值基本相符,能够满足火星环境下的减速需要;盘缝带伞随阻力系数增加稳定性降低,设计中必须兼顾考虑。     

Failure mechanisms of bolted flanges in aero-engine casings subjected to impact loading

In this paper, a failure evaluation criterion was proposed for the bolted casing-flange structure under impact loading. Subsequently, ballistic tests with eighteen bolted casing-flange structure specimens were conducted to validate the failure evaluation criterion. Parameter studies were then carried out using the validated FE models. Both the experimental and numerical results demonstrated the accuracy of the failure evaluation criterion. The failure evaluation criterion provided a quick and easy way to determine the failure mode of the casing connection area by using the materials and dimensions of the structure. Based on the failure evaluation criterion, designing the structural failure mode of the bolted casing-flange structure to be between flange failure and bolt failure can improve the impact resistance of the connection area of the aero-engine casings. This investigation revealed that the impact failure is not the unique criterion in evaluating the containment of the casing connection area, structural failure should also be involved in the evaluation criteria.     

Prediction tests by using “ISF” method for the geomagnetic disturbances

A so-called “ISF” prediction method for geomagnetic disturbances caused by solar wind storms blowing to the Earth is suggested. The method is based on a combined approach of solar activity, interplanetary scintillation (I) and geomagnetic disturbance observations during the period 1966–1982 together with the dynamics of solar wind storm propagation (S) and fuzzy mathematics (F). It has been used for prediction tests for 37 geomagnetic disturbance events during the descending solar activity phase 1984–1985, and was presented in 33rd COSPAR conference. Here, it has been improved by consideration of the three dimensional propagation characteristics of each event, the search for the best radio source and the influence of the southward components of interplanetary magnetic fields on the geomagnetic disturbances. It is used for prediction tests for 24 larger geomagnetic disturbance events that produced space anomalies during the period 1980–1999. The main results are: (1) for the onset time of the geomagnetic disturbance, the relative error between the observation, T_obs, and the prediction, T_pred, ΔT_pred/T_obs  10% for 45.8% of all events, 30% for 78.3% and >30% for only 21.7%; (2) for the magnetic disturbance magnitude, the relative error between the observation, ∑K_p,obs, and the prediction, ∑K_p,pred, Δ∑K_p,pred/∑K_p,obs  10% for 41.6% of all events, 30% for 79% and 45% for 100%. This shows that the prediction method described here has encouraging prospects for improving predictions of large geomagnetic disturbances in space weather events.     

壁压法用于高速风洞大迎角实验力和力矩修正

 用改进的壁压法,对 Ma≤ 0 .9时飞机的大堵塞比模型、大迎角风洞实验数据进行了洞壁干扰修正计算。修正中考虑了洞壁干扰修正量分布不均匀的影响,初步解决了大迎角实验洞壁干扰修正中最困难的力矩修正问题。该方法可用于各种透气壁或实壁风洞     

航发主轴承地面寿命加速等效试验研究

介绍了针对航空轴承小批量特点, 运用寿命加速原理导出了适当样本数、考核时间及置信度之间的关系, 并用某桨型发动机主轴承作为试件, 在轴承试验器上进行8套试件每套110小时强化试验研究。试验中采用3种测试手段进行综合的失效监控;对试件与样品进行5项内容的等效性检测与对比分析。结果表明其等效性和加速系数(9.1)与置信度(89.7%)均令人满意。为航空部门长期尚未解决的长寿命发动机主轴承定、延寿及轴承产品鉴定验收环节提供了重要方法。      

复合材料MMB试件I-II混合型层间裂纹扩展分析

基于经典层合板理论及双线性黏聚区本构关系,建立了含一般分层裂纹层合板的理论模型,对I-Ⅱ混合型弯曲（MMB）断裂试件进行了裂纹扩展理论分析。提出了一种I-Ⅱ混合型断裂叠加模型,引入I型裂纹分量的刚体转动位移,同时考虑了裂纹长度超过试件半长后中部载荷分量对裂纹扩展的闭合效应,并根据黏聚区力学响应,分段获得了位移函数通解。结合叠加模型的边界条件与连续性条件,分析了MMB试件的裂纹扩展过程,求解获得了载荷-位移曲线。通过与梁模型预测以及试验结果进行对比,验证了本文模型对I-Ⅱ混合型裂纹扩展预测的有效性和准确性,并讨论了初始断裂模式混合比及闭合效应对裂纹扩展过程的影响。结果表明：初始Ⅱ型裂纹比重较大时,中部载荷的闭合效应更为明显,可能出现I型裂纹完全闭合的情况;裂纹扩展过程中,当裂纹长度小于试件半长时,断裂混合比基本保持常数;当裂纹扩展超过试件半长后,闭合效应明显,混合裂纹形式逐渐向单一型断裂模式退化。     

静止侧压力系数及其试验方法

静止侧压力系数是岩土工程中一个非常重要的参数,本文分析和讨论静止侧压力定义及其试验方法以及相关试验设备,以便引起广大学者关注静止侧压力系数确定法及其选取等方面的研究。     

双转子涡轮喷气发动机稳定工作裕度的测定技术研究

本文介绍了对双转子涡喷发动机的喷水逼喘试验技术,为在双转子涡喷发动机上测定压缩系统的稳定工作裕度提供了一种稳定可靠的方法。通过对试验结果的数据处理、分析研究,为制造厂检验双转子发动机压气机的稳定工作裕度,提供了一种简单适用的稳态数据处理方法。     

低压离心叶轮小流量失速特性的实验观察

在一离心压缩系统喘振实验台上,对小流量工况下沿叶轮出口圆周的压力波动进行了动态测量。实验观测到离心叶轮在小流量工况下存在一种低于转速频率的、且非旋转类型的失速自激振荡,观察到这种波动在局部及个别瞬间是不稳定的,沿叶轮圆周波动强度的分布也不均衡