碳纤维椅盆钻削技术研究

碳纤维(CFRP)作为一种先进的增强复合材料在机械工程中应用广泛,但成型构件的制孔技术却始终制约着其应用和发展。通过对乘员座椅中的碳纤维复合材料椅盆钻孔时的技术问题、加工工艺等进行归纳和总结,摸索出适合碳纤维复合材料椅盆钻孔的工艺方法,并在相关刀具材料、几何形状及角度、工艺参数等方面提出了建议。     

力控制技术在飞机数字化装配中的应用

飞机数字化装配技术的发展要求提高装配自动化水平,工业机器人因此得到广泛使用,而工业机器人在定位精度与结构刚度上的局限性又催生了力控制技术的研究与发展.力控制技术不同于传统的位置控制,是利用安装在机器人上的传感器反馈力的数据,以此为依据驱动机器人将构件或工具送达最佳装配位置的技术.叙述了力控制技术的发展背景、基本原理、系统组成与应用实例,并对力控制技术在飞机数字化装配中的进一步发展作出了展望.     

A drilling tool design and in situ identification of planetary regolith mechanical parameters

The physical and mechanical properties as well as the heat flux of regolith are critical evidence in the study of planetary origin and evolution. Moreover, the mechanical properties of planetary regolith have great value for guiding future human planetary activities. For planetary subsurface exploration, an inchworm boring robot (IBR) has been proposed to penetrate the regolith, and the mechanical properties of the regolith are expected to be simultaneously investigated during the penetration process using the drilling tool on the IBR. This paper provides a preliminary study of an in situ method for measuring planetary regolith mechanical parameters using a drilling tool on a test bed. A conical-screw drilling tool was designed, and its drilling load characteristics were experimentally analyzed. Based on the drilling tool-regolith interaction model, two identification methods for determining the planetary regolith bearing and shearing parameters are proposed. The bearing and shearing parameters of lunar regolith simulant were successfully determined according to the pressure-sinkage tests and shear tests conducted on the test bed. The effects of the operating parameters on the identification results were also analyzed. The results indicate a feasible scheme for future planetary subsurface exploration.     

用于钻头刃磨的运动合成方法研究

提出一种六自由度机械手的运动合成方法应用于钻头的刃磨,该方法利用运动的合成形成了刃磨钻头后刀面所需的刃磨运动,从而使得刃磨的调整变得十分方便。刃磨参数可以根据钻尖几何参数对机械手运动方程进行求解得到,刃磨出钻尖的测量结果与理论值基本一致。     

双臂空间机器人可操作度分析及其构型优化

利用传统的操作度概念,分析多臂空间机器人的可操作度,特别是基座和辅助臂的耦合效应对任务机械臂的操作度的影响。进而利用基座姿态最小扰动和可操作度指标对多臂机器人机械臂的构型进行优化。最后对平面双臂空间机器人进行数值仿真,并分析耦合效应对可操作度的影响以及在多臂构型优化中的应用。仿真结果表明本文的研究方法及结果可指导在轨服务中的近距离双臂协调交会、软对接和抓捕操作,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

空间机器人神经网络自适应滑模目标操控轨迹跟踪控制

针对参数未知的空间目标操控问题,考虑空间机器人负载不确定性、系统动力学不确定性和环境扰动等因素,为实现操作过程的稳定控制及机器人轨迹的有效跟踪,提出一种基于径向基神经网络估计不确定项的自适应增益非奇异终端滑模变结构控制器。首先基于拉格朗日法建立空间机器人的刚体动力学模型。考虑空间机器人基座姿态主动控制模式,使用径向基神经网络对模型中的不确定项进行估计。进而提出基于神经网络估计的非奇异终端滑模控制器,并针对不确定性和扰动的估计误差设计自适应增益,以期实现空间机器人系统轨迹跟踪控制的收敛。仿真校验结果表明所设计的控制方法具有较好的误差收敛速度和控制精度。     

管道喷涂机器人:结构与位姿调整

针对工业上大型管道内壁喷涂的需求,设计了用于喷涂管道的机器人,该机器人采用串并联结构形式,由支撑平台和串联机械手组成.支撑平台采用几何的方法建立数学模型,串联机械手采用D-H参数法建模;并在数学模型基础上给出了逆解方程.位姿调整时,对机器人进行初定位,利用激光跟踪仪测量出管道和机器人的位姿,求解出调整量,对机器人进行位姿调整,使喷枪旋转轴和管道轴线重合.管道喷涂机器人在工厂进行试验测试,测试结果表明该装备可以很好地实现管道的喷涂,提高喷涂质量和效率.      

High-adaption locomotion with stable robot body for planetary exploration robot carrying potential instruments on unstructured terrain

There is a strong demand for Planetary Exploration Mobile robots (PEMRs) that have the capability of the traversability, stability, efficiency and high load while tackling the specialized tasks on planet surface. In this paper, an electric parallel wheel-legged hexapod robot which has high-adaption locomotion on the unstructured terrain is presented. Also, the hybrid control framework, which enables robot to stably carry the heavy loads as well as to traverse the uneven terrain by utilizing both legged and wheeled locomotion, is also proposed. Based on this framework, robot controls the multiple DOF leg for performing high-adaption locomotion to negotiate obstacles via Gait Generator (GG). Additionally, by using Whole-Body Control (WBC) of framework, robot has the capability of flexibly accommodating the uneven terrain by Attitude Control (AC) kinematically adjusting the length of legs like an active suspension system, and by Force/torque Balance Control (FBC) equally distributing the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) to maintain a stable body. The simulation and experiment are employed to validate the proposed framework with the physical system in the planetary analog environments. Particularly, to smoothly demonstrate the performance of robot transporting heavy loads, the experiment of carrying 3-person load of about 240 kg is deployed.     

辐射开环空间绳系机器人编队动力学及控制

提出了一种新型辐射开环空间绳系机器人编队系统,其在编队稳定性、任务灵活性及燃料消耗等方面具有明显的优势。针对辐射开环空间绳系机器人编队系统自旋运动过程中的构型误差控制问题,首先建立了编队系统的自旋动力学模型;然后分析了空间绳系机器人的绳系拉力和空间平台的自旋扭矩对编队系统自旋运动中出现的构型误差的控制能力;设计了一种依靠空间绳系机器人绳系拉力和空间平台自旋扭矩作为控制量,对构型误差进行控制的协调控制方法;最后通过数字仿真进行了校验和分析。仿真结果表明：设计的协调控制方法能够明显改善编队系统自旋运动中构型误差的控制效果。