Design and experimental performance verification of a thermal property test-bed for lunar drilling exploration

Chinese Chang'e lunar exploration project aims to collect and return subsurface lunar soil samples at a minimum penetration depth of 2 m in 2017. However, in contrast to those on the Earth, automated drilling and sampling missions on the Moon raise the risk of burning bits.Test-beds are required for testing the thermal properties of drill tools in a lunar environment. In this paper, a novel temperature measuring method based on thermocouples and a slip ring was proposed. Furthermore, a data acquisition system for a drilling process was designed. A vacuous,cryogenic, and anhydrous soil environment simulating the lunar surface was established. A drilling test-bed that can reach a depth of 2.2 m was developed. A control strategy based on online monitoring signals was proposed to improve the drilling performance. Vacuum and non-vacuum experiments were performed to test the temperature rising effect on drill tools. When compared with the non-vacuum experiment, the vacuum temperature rise resulted in a 12 °C increase. These experimental results provide significant support for Chinese lunar exploration missions.     

自由浮动空间双臂机器人的鲁棒协调控制

研究自由浮动空间双臂机器人在本体位置、姿态均不加控制时,抓取物体运动情况下的动力学协调控制。根据空间双臂机器人抓取系统的闭链约束关系,推导出广义雅可比矩阵,针对抓取系统动力学模型的不确定性,提出一种鲁棒协调控制方法,来控制被抓物体的运动,使被抓物体的运动轨迹跟踪期望的运动轨迹,并保证内力跟踪误差的有界性。通过对自由浮动空间平面双臂机器人进行鲁棒协调控制仿真实验,结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

平面型两关节空间机器人的自适应轨迹控制

基于参数线性分离方法，得到了平面型两关节空间机器人线性参数化形式的动力学模型，这种模型非常适合于采用自适应控制方法。控制策略考虑了机器人各关节之间的耦合及机械臂与基座航天器之间的耦合，对航天器姿态的控制和机械臂的控制进行综合，在满足手端跟踪期望轨迹的同时，保证航天器姿态基本不变。控制器由一个PD反馈项和一个补偿动力学不确定性的非线性自适应反馈项构成，能够保证对期望关节轨迹的全局渐进跟踪，提高了空间机器人操作的适应性和安全性。     

基于小波神经网络的双足步行机器人步态规划控制器

对于传统的神经网络中神经元模型在结构和信息存储能力上存在的不足，本文提出了一种基于广义小波其函数网络的神经元集聚模型，这种小波神经网络不仅收敛速度快，非线性逼近能力更好，而且具有内部结构变尺度、自适应调整和广义信息存储等智能化特点，更符合生物原型的实际情况。静态学习和准动态学习仿真实验证明这种神经网络结构的有效性。     

空间机器人地面实验系统的一种鲁棒自适应控制方法

基于李亚普诺夫稳定性直接方法, 针对具有参数及模型不确定性的空间机器人地面实验系统, 提出了一种新的鲁棒自适应控制器。该控制器由三部分组成: 线性PD反馈项, 补偿动力学的自适应控制项, 补偿建模不确定性的鲁棒控制项。控制策略能有效地克服未建模的摩擦力和外部扰动以及吊丝配重系统未补偿掉的重力影响, 并且能保证全局最终一致有界。仿真表明了算法的可行性和有效性     

TiAlN 涂层钻头钻削钛合金的实验研究

采用Ti Al N涂层硬质合金麻花钻对钛合金(TC4)进行钻削试验,研究了切削用量对轴向力、加工孔壁表面粗糙度和切屑形态的影响。结果表明:轴向力随着进给量的增加而增加,轴向力随着转速的增加而减小。运用指数公式模型对轴向力实验结果进行回归分析,得到轴向力与转速以及进给量之间的关系式,并对该方程进行了检验验证误差均小于7%;随着进给量的增加断屑能力逐渐增加,切屑长度逐渐变短。在低转速和进给量为50 mm/min时切屑形态为短螺旋形切屑,此时排屑和孔壁粗糙度均为最佳。     

自由飞行空间机器人基座位姿调整的模糊PD控制

由于自由飞行空间机器人处于微重力的环境,因此其在目标获取的过程中必然会出现因机械臂运动和环境影响而导致基座的复杂运动.本文设计了自由飞行空间机器人位姿调整的模糊PD算法,根据接收到的实时位置信息,空间机器人可以自主地调整基座的姿态和位置来校正位姿误差,保证目标的稳定捕获.利用开发的实验平台与传统的on/off式控制器进行了实验对比,验证了此方法在稳定性、控制精度和燃料消耗上都有较好的表现.     

Virtual Reality-based Teleoperation with Robustness Against Modeling Errors

This article investigates virtual reality (VR)-based teleoperation with robustness against modeling errors. VR technology is an effective way to overcome the large time delay during space robot teleoperation. However, it depends highly on the accuracy of model. Model errors between the virtual and real environment exist inevitably. The existing way to deal with the problem is by means of either model matching or robot compliance control. As distinct from the existing methods, this article tries to combine model matching and robot compliance control. On one hand, the status of the virtual robot is corrected by using the position sensor data from robot joints before and during teleoperation, and the pose of the virtually manipulated object is obtained with visual recognition technology. On the other hand, compliance control algorithms of impedance control based on joint torque sensors and hybrid position/force control based on a wrist sensor have been executed in order to eliminate the small sustaining model errors. A VR-based teleoperation system of satellite on-orbit self-serving is built up. In order to verify the proposed method, an experiment deploying the solar panel troubled by malfunction is carried out through teleoperation. It shows that the large model errors are removed with the model matching method and the adopted compliance control is robust against the remaining small model errors.     

Three-line structured light vision system for non-cooperative satellites in proximity operations

Adapter ring is a commonly used component in non-cooperative satellites, which has high strength and is suitable to be recognized and grasped by the space manipulator. During proximity operations, this circle feature may be occluded by the robot arm or limited field of view. Moreover, the captured images may be underexposed when there is not enough illumination. To address these problems, this paper presents a structured light vision system with three line lasers and a monocular camera. The lasers project lines onto the surface of the satellite, and six break points are formed along both sides of the adapter ring. A closed-form solution for real-time pose estimation is given using these break points. Then, a virtual structured light platform is constructed to simulate synthetic images of the target satellite. Compared with the predefined camera parameters and relative positions, the proposed method is demonstrated to be more effective, especially at a close distance. Besides, a physical space verification system is set up to prove the effectiveness and robustness of our method under different light conditions. Experimental results indicate that it is a practical and effective method for the pose measurement of on-orbit tasks.     

Postcapture stabilization of space robots considering actuator failures with bounded torques

Space robotics is regarded as one of the most impressing approaches for space debris removal missions. Due to the residual momentum of debris, it is essential to stabilize the base rapidly after capture. This paper presents a novel control strategy for stabilization of a space robot in postcapture considering actuator failures and bounded torques. In the control strategy, the motion of the manipulator is not regarded as a disturbance to the base; in contrast, it is utilized to compensate for the limitation of the control torques by means of an inverse dynamical model of the system. Different scenarios where actuators are external mechanisms or momentum exchange devices have been carried out, and for actuator failures, both single- and two-actuator failures have been considered. Regarding to the performance of actuators, control torques are bounded. In cases that either single or two actuators have failed, the base can be stabilized kinematically when actuators are external mechanisms, but can only be stabilized dynamically when only momentum exchange devices are used. Finally, a space robot with a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator in postcapture is studied to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed control scheme. Simulation results show that the whole system can be stabilized rapidly.