Instability analysis and drag coefficient prediction on a swept RAE2822 wing with constant lift coefficient

Swept wing is widely used in civil aircraft,whose airfoil is chosen,designed and optimized to increase the cruise speed and decrease the drag coefficient.The parameters of swept wing,such as sweep angle and angle of attack,are determined according to the cruise lift coefficient requirement,and the drag coefficient is expected to be predicted accurately,which involves the instability characteristics and transition position of the flow.The pressure coefficient of the RAE2822 wing with given constant lift coefficient is obtained by solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation numerically,and then the mean flow is calculated by solving the boundary layer(BL) equation with spectral method.The cross-flow instability characteristic of boundary layer of swept wing in the windward and leeward is analyzed by linear stability theory(LST),and the transition position is predicted by eNmethod.The drag coefficient is numerically predicted by introducing a laminar/turbulent indicator.A simple approach to calculate the lift coefficient of swept wing is proposed.It is found that there is a quantitative relationship between the angle of attack and sweep angle when the lift coefficient keeps constant;when the angle of attack is small,the flow on the leeward of the wing is stable.when the angle of attack is larger than 3°,the flow becomes unstable quickly;with the increase of sweep angle or angle of attack the disturbance on the windward becomes more unstable,leading to the moving forward of the transition position to the leading edge of the wing;the drag coefficient has two significant jumping growth due to the successive occurrence of transition in the windward and the leeward;the optimal range of sweep angle for civil aircraft is suggested.     

尾喷管构型对类乘波飞行器性能影响

采用二维耦合隐式欧拉方程和标准k-ε湍流模型对类乘波飞行器内外流场进行了数值仿真研究,离散采用二阶迎风格式,在考虑粘性影响的前提下,分析了倾角为8,°11,°13°和15°的尾喷管对类乘波飞行器分别处于进气道关闭、发动机通流以及发动机点火三种不同的工作状态下性能的影响。结果表明当尾喷管倾角为11°时,飞行器的升力特性、阻力特性和俯仰力矩性能得到了权衡,性能得到了提高,为下一步的改进工作提供了参考。     

Command generator tracker based direct model reference adaptive tracking guidance for Mars atmospheric entry

In order to accurately deliver an entry vehicle through the Martian atmosphere to the prescribed parachute deployment point, active Mars entry guidance is essential. This paper addresses the issue of Mars atmospheric entry guidance using the command generator tracker (CGT) based direct model reference adaptive control to reduce the adverse effect of the bounded uncertainties on atmospheric density and aerodynamic coefficients. Firstly, the nominal drag acceleration profile meeting a variety of constraints is planned off-line in the longitudinal plane as the reference model to track. Then, the CGT based direct model reference adaptive controller and the feed-forward compensator are designed to robustly track the aforementioned reference drag acceleration profile and to effectively reduce the downrange error. Afterwards, the heading alignment logic is adopted in the lateral plane to reduce the crossrange error. Finally, the validity of the guidance algorithm proposed in this paper is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation analysis.     

Thermosphere density and wind measurements in the equatorial region using a constellation of drag balance nanospacecraft

A mission for in situ thermosphere density and winds measurement is described, based on nanospacecraft equipped with a drag balance instrument (DBI) and a GPS receiver. The mission is based on nanosatellite clusters deployed in three orbital planes. In this study, clusters of 10 nanospacecraft are considered, leading to a mission based on a total of 30 nanospacecraft. The geometry analyzed is a symmetrical one, including an equatorial orbit and two orbits with the same inclination and opposing ascending nodes. The main idea is that, by combining the accurate information on the satellite inertial position and velocity provided by the GPS receiver and the drag acceleration intensity provided by the DBI, due to the orbits’ geometrical configuration, both atmospheric drag and wind can be resolved in a region close to the orbit nodes. Exploiting the Earth oblateness effect, a complete scan of the equatorial regions can be accomplished in the short mission lifetime typical of very low Earth orbit satellites, even in high solar activity peaks, when the expected nanospacecraft lifetime is about 40 days.     

Drag balance Cubesat attitude motion effects on in-situ thermosphere density measurements

The dynamics of Cubesats carrying a drag balance instrument (DBI) for in situ atmosphere density measurements is analyzed. Atmospheric drag force is measured by the displacement of two light plates exposed to the incoming particle flow. This system is well suited for a distributed sensor network in orbit, to get simultaneous in situ local (non orbit averaged) measurements in multiple positions and orbit heights, contributing to the development and validation of global atmosphere models. The implementation of the DBI leads to orbit normal pointing spinning two body system. The use of a spin-magnetic attitude control system is suggested, based only on magnetometer readings, contributing to making the system simple, inexpensive, and reliable. It is shown, by an averaging technique, that this system provides for orbit normal spin axis pointing. The effect of the coupling between the attitude dynamics and the DBI is evaluated, analyzing its frequency content and showing that no frequency components arise, affecting the DBI performance. The analysis is confirmed by Monte Carlo numerical simulation results.     

脉冲爆震发动机最大净推力和最佳工作频率

为研究气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机净推力和工作频率之间的变化规律,建立了PDE净推力的近似计算模型。通过计算和试验的方法,研究了PDE能够达到的最大净推力及相应的最佳工作频率,以及爆震管长度L和PDE的阻力经验系数K1,K2等因素对PDE的最大净推力、最佳工作频率的影响。结果表明:L,K1,K2一定,PDE存在一个最佳工作频率fopt,在该频率下,PDE净推力最大。随着L增加,fopt下降;随着K1,K2增加,fopt和最大净推力都下降。研究结果对于PDE优化设计,提高PDE的工作性能具有重要的参考价值。     

比熵增概念及其在湍流模型中的应用

通过对不同马赫数下(Ma=0.7、2.25、6)平板边界层进行直接数值模拟研究,提出比熵增的概念.比熵增表征单位机械能的耗散,并且在数值上表现出较好的单调性和马赫数无关性,因而能够可靠地表征边界层的范围.应用比熵增概念修正BL零方程湍流模型长度尺度,构造BL-entropy,同时采用原始的BL模型,SA一方程模型对后台阶(Ma=0.128)以及高超声速锥柱裙组合体(Ma=7.05)流动进行数值模拟,并与实验数据进行比较,结果表明BL-entropy能够准确地获取长度尺度进而得到均匀合理的涡粘性分布,极大地提升了原始BL模型模拟复杂流动的能力.     

一种固冲组合发动机进气道通气减阻方案的特性研究

提出了一种适用于整体式固体火箭冲压发动机的进气道通气减阻方案，并以矩形截面通气口高度、长度为变量进行了数值模拟实验，得到了其对阻力系数的影响规律。还给出了最佳通气方案的阻力系数随马赫数的变化规律，并与原始模型、进气口加堵盖方案进行了比较。最后结合一种具有常规气动布局的飞行器外形设计了模型，并对其进行了数值模拟研究和吹风实验，验证了方案的有效性和数值计算方法的可靠程度。     

Nacelle-airframe integration design method for blended-wing-body transport with podded engines

Strong shock waves and flow separation often occur during the integration of nacelle and airframe for blended-wing-bodies with podded engines. To address this problem, this paper presents an integration method with numerical simulations. The philosophy of channeling flow and avoiding the throat effect on the nacelle and airframe is established based on the analysis of flow interference in the initial configuration. A parametric integration design method is proposed from twodimensional plane to three-dimensional space with control mechanisms and selection principles of the key parameters determined by their influences. Results show that strong shock waves and flow separation can be successfully eliminated under the influence of both the reshaped channel and decelerated inflow below the nacelle. Supersonic regions around the nacelle are effectively reduced, concentrating mainly on the lip position. Thus, a significant cruise drag reduction(8.7%) is achieved though the pressure drag of the nacelle increases.     

Numerical investigation of transitions in flow states and variation in aerodynamic forces for flow around square cylinders arranged inline

This study focuses on the transitions in flow states around two-, three- and four-inline square cylinders under the effect of Reynolds numbers at two different gap spacing values using the lattice Boltzmann method. For this purpose, Reynolds number is varied in the range 1–130 while two different values of spacing taken into account are gap spacing?=?2 and 5. Before going to actual problem, the code is tested for flow around a single square cylinder by comparing the results with experimental and numerical results of other researchers, and good agreement is found. The current numerical computations yield that for both spacing values and all combinations of cylinders there exist three different sates of flow depending on Reynolds numbers: steady state, transitional state and unsteady state. It is found that the range of Reynolds numbers for these flow states is different for both spacing values. At gap spacing?=?2 the range of Reynolds numbers for each flow state decreases by increasing the number of cylinders while at gap spacing?=?5 opposite trend is observed. The results also show that at gap spacing?=?2 the reduction in drag force is greater than the corresponding reduction at gap spacing?=?5. The maximum reduction in drag force is observed at Reynolds numbers?=?1 at both spacing values. Similarly, at both spacing values and all Reynolds numbers, the maximum reduction in drag force is observed for the case of four-inline square cylinders.