Drag reduction research in supersonic flow with opposing jet

A CFD study on drag reduction in supersonic flow with opposing jet has been conducted. Flowfield parameters, reattachment point position and surface pressure distributions are obtained and validated with experiments. From the analysis on the physical mechanism of drag reduction, it shows the phenomenon that, when the opposing jet blows, the high pressure region is located between the bow shock wave and the Mach disk, which makes the nose region much lower pressure. As the pressure ratio increases, the high pressure region is gradually pushed away from the surface. Larger the total pressure ratio is, the lower of the drag coefficient is. To study the effect of the intensity of opposing jet more reasonably, a new parameter R_PA has been introduced by combining the flux and the total pressure ratio. The study shows that the same shock wave position and drag coefficient can be obtained with the same R_PA with different fluxes and the total pressures, which means the new parameter could stand for the intensity of opposing jet and could be used to analyze the influence of opposing jet on flow field and aerodynamic force.     

从动态飞行获得极曲线及相关性研究

本文研究飞机极曲线试飞及其与风洞的相关性问题.主要通过动态飞行获得飞机极曲线(C_y≤0.3)的飞行数据.飞行条件:高度为3～12 km;M数为0.8,0.9,1.2,1.8.结果表明:动态飞行技术是可行的,飞行极曲线与风洞极曲线的相关性较好.     

民用客机后机身外形设计研究

CC-200是一款单通道、中程大型民用客机。CC-200民用客机具有大展弦比、小后掠角、相对较低的巡航速度等技术特点。CC-200的后机身的外形长度为6.458 m,上掠角为12°,与地面水平线的最小间隙值为0.15 m。后机身外形及其它部段的外形采用CATIA V5软件建立了三维数模,后机身采用ESDU 80006和ESDU7011中的方法进行阻力增量的计算、评估。计算表明,在机身迎角一定的情况下,后机身阻力增量随着上掠角的增大而增大。     

Detached-eddy simulation of supersonic flow past a spike-tipped blunt nose

Space vehicle in atmosphere travels mostly at supersonic speed and generates a very strong bow shockwave around its blunt nose. Oblique shock and conical separated flow zone generated by a forward disk-tip spike significantly reduce the drag by reducing the high pressure area on the blunt nose. This study employs improved delayed detached eddy simulation to investigate the characteristic flow structures around a spike-tipped blunt nose at Mach number of 3 and Reynolds number(based on the blunt-body diameter) of 2.72x10~8. The calculated time-averaged quantities agree well with experimental data. Characteristic frequencies in different flow regions are extracted using fast Fourier transform. It is found that two distinct instability modes exist: oscillation mode and pulsation mode. The former is related to the foreshock/turbulence interaction with nondimensional frequency at around 0.004. The latter corresponds to the interaction between turbulence and shock structures around the blunt nose, with a typical coherent structure shedding frequency at 0.092.     

Drag and energy accommodation coefficients during sunspot maximum

Conditions appropriate to gas-surface interactions on satellite surfaces in orbit have not been successfully duplicated in the laboratory. However, measurements by pressure gauges and mass spectrometers in orbit have revealed enough of the basic physical chemistry that realistic theoretical models of the gas-surface interaction can now be used to calculate physical drag coefficients. The dependence of these drag coefficients on conditions in space can be inferred by comparing the physical drag coefficient of a satellite with a drag coefficient fitted to its observed orbital decay. This study takes advantage of recent data on spheres and attitude stabilized satellites to compare physical drag coefficients with the histories of the orbital decay of several satellites during the recent sunspot maximum. The orbital decay was obtained by fitting, in a least squares sense, the semi-major axis decay inferred from the historical two-line elements acquired by the US Space Surveillance Network. All the principal orbital perturbations were included, namely geopotential harmonics up to the 16th degree and order, third body attraction of the Moon and the Sun, direct solar radiation pressure (with eclipses), and aerodynamic drag, using the Jacchia-Bowman 2006 (JB2006) model to describe the atmospheric density. After adjusting for density model bias, a comparison of the fitted drag coefficient with the physical drag coefficient has yielded values for the energy accommodation coefficient as well as for the physical drag coefficient as a function of altitude during solar maximum conditions. The results are consistent with the altitude and solar cycle variation of atomic oxygen, which is known to be adsorbed on satellite surfaces, affecting both the energy accommodation and angular distribution of the reemitted molecules.     

基于无速度测量的无拖曳卫星自适应控制方法

为了实现无拖曳（Drag Free）卫星中卫星本体对内部质量块的高精度跟踪,首先推导了近地环境下卫星与质量块的相对运动动力学方程,并分析了影响二者相对运动的主要干扰源。针对位移模式单质量块Drag Free卫星只能获取质量块与卫星相对位置测量,设计了自适应控制器,适用于卫星质量和空间干扰为定常或慢变未知量的情况,且在卫星质量和外部干扰为未知常值的假设下,控制器能够保证卫星对质量块跟踪误差的全局渐近收敛。最后给出了仿真场景以说明本文方法的有效性。     

数值求解可压缩N—S方程的增量迭代法

本文在Beam-Warming格式的基础上,引入通量分裂的概念,应用行高斯迭代技术提出了一个二阶隐式的求解BFC坐标变换下的N-S方程的增量迭代法。它消除了因式分解带来的寄生误差,合理地处理了控制方程中的粘性项,具有较好的收敛性和稳定性。二维Poissuill流动和Couette流动的计算结果和精确解吻合良好。S形进气道的数值解反映出的现象和实验结果是一致的。     

用Schamberg方法计算卫星阻力系数

Schamberg的“超热自由分子流”粒子-表面作用模型比较真实地反映了高空大气分子与空间飞行器材料之间的相互作用,它可以用来计算卫星的阻力系数。本文简要叙述该模型的基本思想,介绍几种常见简单几何形体卫星的阻力系数计算公式,并给出计算曲线。     

Investigation of acceleration effects on missile aerodynamics using computational fluid dynamics

In this paper we describe the implementation and validation of arbitrarily moving reference frames in the block-structured CFD-code EURANUS. We also present results from calculations on two applications involving accelerating missiles with generic configurations. It is shown that acceleration affects wave drag significantly. Also, it is shown that strake-generated vortices move significantly in turns. These results clearly show the necessity of including the acceleration effects in the calculations.     

Instability analysis and drag coefficient prediction on a swept RAE2822 wing with constant lift coefficient

Swept wing is widely used in civil aircraft,whose airfoil is chosen,designed and optimized to increase the cruise speed and decrease the drag coefficient.The parameters of swept wing,such as sweep angle and angle of attack,are determined according to the cruise lift coefficient requirement,and the drag coefficient is expected to be predicted accurately,which involves the instability characteristics and transition position of the flow.The pressure coefficient of the RAE2822 wing with given constant lift coefficient is obtained by solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation numerically,and then the mean flow is calculated by solving the boundary layer(BL) equation with spectral method.The cross-flow instability characteristic of boundary layer of swept wing in the windward and leeward is analyzed by linear stability theory(LST),and the transition position is predicted by eNmethod.The drag coefficient is numerically predicted by introducing a laminar/turbulent indicator.A simple approach to calculate the lift coefficient of swept wing is proposed.It is found that there is a quantitative relationship between the angle of attack and sweep angle when the lift coefficient keeps constant;when the angle of attack is small,the flow on the leeward of the wing is stable.when the angle of attack is larger than 3°,the flow becomes unstable quickly;with the increase of sweep angle or angle of attack the disturbance on the windward becomes more unstable,leading to the moving forward of the transition position to the leading edge of the wing;the drag coefficient has two significant jumping growth due to the successive occurrence of transition in the windward and the leeward;the optimal range of sweep angle for civil aircraft is suggested.