航空装备现场数据可靠性评估方法有效性分析

针对航空高可靠性产品现场故障数据样本量小和经常出现数据删失的问题,分析了平均秩次法与期望-极大值（EM）算法的有效性,给出了这两种方法的适用范围。应用蒙特卡罗仿真方法,在考虑维修的情况下,设计了一种评定可靠性评估方法有效性的仿真方法。该方法以威布尔分布为例,通过飞行年、飞机架数、日利用率的动态变化来模拟产生具有随机删失特点的航空装备现场故障数据,以此来动态驱动样本量和删失比的变化,并分别评估这两种可靠性评估方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,在样本量为10~30时的小样本随机删失数据参数估计中,EM算法应该被优先采用。     

嵌金属丝端燃药柱燃烧过程的数值研究

通过对金属丝采用一维传热方程,对端燃药柱采用二维轴对称传热方程,对燃气采用常微分控制方程,数值研究了嵌金属丝端燃药柱发动机的工作过程和金属丝热物性及其直径对沿金属丝燃速的影响。计算结果表明,沿金属丝燃速随金属丝导热系数、金属丝熔点的增大而增大,随金属丝比热的减小而增大;对同种金属丝存在一个最佳金属丝直径,使沿金属丝燃速达到最大值。该模型计算结果与试验结果相符较好,且能够得到沿金属丝燃速、药柱燃面变化及燃气压力等随时间的变化;模型简单、所需计算资源较少,适用于工程设计应用。     

新型高燃速推进剂的催化燃烧性能

研究了有机酸铅盐、有机酸铜盐、铜铬氧化物、铁化合物不同组合作为催化剂对新型复合改性双基高燃速推进剂燃烧性能的影响。发现新型的铅铁络合物与铜铬氧化物组合是一种高效的催化剂组合。在配方中添加3%的组合催化剂,可使该新型高燃速推进剂燃速(9.81 MPa)从48.78 mm/s(空白配方燃速)提高到56.66 mm/s,9.81~19.62 MPa区间内的压力指数从0.676下降到0.576。用差热分析研究了铅铁络合物和铜铬氧化物及其复合对双基粘结体系(NC NG TEGDN)和AP热分解的影响,结果表明,复合催化剂可使双基粘结体系分解峰温提前4.94℃,使AP高温分解峰温提前119.08℃,放热量从144.97 J/g增大到1 180 J/g。     

备件满足率与备件短缺量对比分析

针对备件供应规划中选用何种部件级的供应保障效能度量参数的问题,从满足率和短缺量两参数的产生根源入手,分析二者的数学含义、物理意义、实际使用中获取的难易程度以及同系统级效能度量参数的关系,进而得到二者的区别及联系.通过具体的案例应用,在METRIC模型寻优方法基础上,考虑费用的影响,对比并验证备件满足率和备件短缺量的适用范围.结果表明,备件短缺量在完成供应规划目标上优于备件满足率,而备件满足率易于衡量备件供应中管理水平的优劣.      

Possible influence of solar extreme events and related geomagnetic disturbances on human cardio-vascular state: Results of collaborative Bulgarian–Azerbaijani studies

This collaborative study is based on the analysis and comparison of results of coordinated experimental investigations conducted in Bulgaria and Azerbaijan for revealing a possible influence of solar activity changes and related geomagnetic activity variations on the human cardio-vascular state. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate of 86 healthy volunteers were measured on working days during a period of comparatively high solar and geomagnetic activity (2799 measurements in autumn 2001 and spring 2002) in Sofia. Daily experimental investigations of parameters of cardio-vascular health state were performed in Azerbaijan with a permanent group of examined persons. Heart rate and electrocardiograms were digitally registered (in total 1532 records) for seven functionally healthy persons on working days and Saturdays, in the Laboratory of Heliobiology at the Medical Center INAM in Baku, from 15.07.2006 to 13.11.2007. Obtained digital recordings were subjected to medical, statistical and spectral analyses. Special attention was paid to effects of solar extreme events, particularly those of November 2001 and December 2006. The statistical method of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analysis were applied to check the significance of the influence of geomagnetic activity on the cardio-vascular parameters under consideration. Results revealed statistically significant increments for the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the group with geomagnetic activity increase. Arterial blood pressure values started increasing two days prior to geomagnetic storms and kept their high values up to two days after the storms. Heart rate reaction was ambiguous and not significant for healthy persons examined (for both groups) under conditions with geomagnetic activity changes. It is concluded that heart rate for healthy persons at middle latitudes can be considered as a more stable physiological parameter which is not so sensitive to environmental changes while the dynamics of arterial blood pressure reveals a compensatory reaction of the human organism for adaptation.     

舵面电动加载系统的自适应CMAC复合控制

针对无人机舵面电动加载系统具有非线性及多余力矩的特点,提出了一种自适应CMAC(Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller)神经网络与自适应神经元控制器并联构成复合控制结构.该控制策略以系统的指令输入和实际输出作为CMAC的激励信号,以系统的当前控制误差作为CMAC的训练信号.提出了利用误差在线自适应调整学习率的方法,消除了常规前馈型CMAC的过学习和不稳定现象.建立了无人机舵面电动加载系统的数学模型,给出了具体的控制结构和算法.仿真结果表明:该方法有效抑制了加载系统的多余力矩,增强了系统的稳定性,明显改善了舵面电动加载系统的动态性能.     

直升机/涡轴发动机综合系统鲁棒抗扰控制设计

提出了一种直升机/涡轴发动机综合系统鲁棒抗扰控制方法。分别设计了基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的鲁棒保性能控制的直升机四通道多变量控制器和涡轴发动机转速控制器;为了进一步提高发动机自由涡轮转速环的抗扰能力,结合自抗扰控制(ADRC)方法,构建了涡轴发动机转速鲁棒保性能控制+扭矩ADRC补偿的控制方案,充分利用了ADRC控制强的干扰补偿能力,避免了鲁棒设计方法的保守性。在UH-60直升机/涡轴发动机综合模型仿真环境下通过模拟直升机大幅急速升降操作,验证了直升机/涡轴发动机综合系统所采用的鲁棒抗扰控制,尤其是涡轴发动机鲁棒自抗扰控制,具有理想的抗扰控制效果,能够抑制直升机机动操作过程中大的扭矩扰动对涡轴发动机造成的不利影响,从而使直升机具有更好的机动能力。     

JTIDS系统抗干扰性能分析

文中分析了联合战术信息分发系统(JTIDS)的系统结构以及采用的抗干扰体制,研究了该系统在高斯白噪声和人为部分频带干扰情况下的比特误码率,进行了仿真,并对仿真结果进行了分析。     

北五味子光合日变化特性的研究

用LI-6400型光合测定系统,测定了北五味子Schisandra chinensis Baill叶片光合作用的日变化,结果表明,北五味子叶片净光合速率(Pn)呈双峰型变化.清晨随着日出,Pn随光照强度和温度的增加而增加,在11:00达到高峰,随后下降,到15:00时出现第2个高峰,但峰值比第1个的低.5:00-11:00及15:00-19:00的光合变化与光照强度和温度的变化趋势基本一致,11:00-14:00光合作用随光照强度和温度的增加而下降,出现了明显的光合"午休"现象.相关性分析表明,光合午休与中午高光强、高温和低湿有关.气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)也为双峰型曲线,Pn与Gs、Tr呈显著正相关,通过对胞间二氧化碳浓度的分析表明,气孔限制在北五味子叶片的"光合午休"中起了一定作用.     

Integral inference method for da／dN-ΔK and P-da／dN-ΔK curves

The integral inference method for fatigue crack growth(FCG) curve was established based on the two-variance regression theory.The estimates of da/dN-ΔK curve and P-da/dN-ΔK curve with high confidence level and high survival probability were also given.FCG data scatter with stress intensity factor ranges in reality,which limits the group test method’s application.The presented method analyzes FCG curve as an integration,thus it can exploit the lengthwise information among the FCG rates corresponding to different stress intensity factor ranges.Therefore,compared with group test method,the presented method can not only save specimens,but also have higher precision in the evaluations of da/dN-ΔK and P-da/dN-ΔK curves.