磁场对霍尔推力器放电特性及性能参数影响的粒子模拟研究

磁场强度及位形对霍尔推力器放电过程有显著影响。根据霍尔推力器通道尺寸和等离子体放电过程建立二维物理模型,采用粒子模拟方法,研究了不同磁场强度及位形等离子体放电特性,讨论了推力、推功比及放电电流的变化规律。模拟表明:当中轴线磁场强度峰值小于200G时,磁场对电子轴向传导约束减弱;当磁场强度峰值在200G～420G时,电子温度、电离率及电子与壁面碰撞频率降低,出口处离子径向速度增大,壁面腐蚀增加;当磁场强度峰值为280G时,加速区最短,放电电流最小。不同零磁点磁场位形会改变通道电离区和加速区位置,影响推力器放电性能。     

微细电火花加工放电状态特性及其识别方法

微细电火花加工放电状态的准确识别是高精度、高效率加工的重要保证,但是微细电火花加工脉冲能量小、放电频率高、随机性强的特点严重影响了放电状态的识别精度。针对此问题,对微细电火花加工放电状态特性进行了研究,分析各放电状态产生的原因,同时根据各放电状态特性的不同对放电状态进行识别,通过设置间隙电压阈值、间隙电流阈值和频谱阈值的方法,实现了开路状态、火花放电状态、稳定电弧状态、短路状态以及脉冲间隔的准确有效识别,从而为高精度加工提供依据。     

低功率电弧加热推力器喷管温度与性能

电弧加热推力器利用直流电弧放电加热推进剂,并将加热后的推进剂通过拉瓦尔喷管高速喷出产生推力。电弧加热推力器的性能与其喷管内部复杂的传热与流动以及能量转换过程密切相关。分别以纯氩、氮、氢气以及氢/氮混合气为电弧加热推力器的推进剂,在推进剂供给流量4～270mg/s,弧电流4～12A,环境压力低于20Pa的条件下,实时检测了自然辐射冷却及推进剂再生冷却喷管的电弧加热推力器在运行过程中的喷管外表面温度、弧电压、产生的推力等参数及其变化,综合分析了喷管温度变化对推力器性能的影响。     

离子推力器放电腔内等离子体流动规律的全粒子模型

为了详细描述等离子体在放电腔内的产生、演化过程,建立了放电腔内部等离子体流动的二维轴对称全粒子数值模型。在考虑壁面二次电子发射影响的前提下,模拟得到了稳态后放电腔内电磁场、电子与离子数密度,电流密度等一系列参数分布,且与相关实验数据进行了比较,吻合较好。模型得到了实验中难以观测到的放电腔内等离子体的产生、演化过程以及稳态下的分布规律,合理解释了放电腔工作的基本原理。     

弯曲多孔壁不同倾斜角气膜孔整体气膜冷却效率研究

对弯曲多孔壁气膜冷却整体冷却效率进行了深入研究.弯曲多孔壁由等曲率凹壁面多孔壁实验板来模拟, 实验研究了相同排列方式下2种不同小孔倾角方案整体气膜冷却效率, 分析了弯曲通道曲率对冷却效率的影响, 得到了沿流程的展向平均冷却效率及x/d=21.8和x/d=65.3处展向冷却效率分布.研究结果表明, 吹风比是影响凹壁面小孔气膜冷却效率的关键因素;随着吹风比的增大, 2种孔倾角冷却效率的差异变小;主流通道中气体的流动规律对冷却效率有较大影响.      

多爆震室串联热射流起爆实验研究

为消除现有脉冲爆震发动机对外部脉冲起爆装置的依赖并提高脉冲爆震燃烧室工作频率,提出了一种多个爆震室封闭串联的多管燃烧室方案,通过管间的射流传递实现爆震室内的快速短距离起爆.实验结果表明,多个爆震室间可以实现逐级射流起爆,并且可以实现快速起爆,起爆所需要的时间约为1.0~1.2ms,起爆距离约为500mm,远远小于火花塞直接点火时的结果.弱火焰射流可以通过逐级增强的方式最终在下游某个爆震单元内形成爆震波.单个爆震室内射流进入和射出的时间间隔可以达到1.2~1.5ms,大约需要8个爆震单元才可能实现爆震波的封闭串联传播.     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

Numerical research on airfoil transition delay by alternative current dielectric barrier discharge actuation

A Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator can create a body force which locally accelerates the base flow leading to an attenuation of broadband disturbance to delay the transition. In this study, numerical simulation on an NLF0416 airfoil is conducted to investigate transition delay and drag reduction by a DBD plasma actuator. To simulate plasma’s effect more accurately, boundary-layer data is acquired from Reynolds Averaged Navier Stocks (RANS) equations instead of laminar boundary layer equations, although RANS equations need a much finer boundary-layer grid, and the linear stability analysis method is used to analyze the boundary layer and get the transition point. In this study, the influences of different actuation intensities and positions are investigated, and results show that if the actuation intensity is stronger and the actuation position is closer to the base transition point, more drag reduction can be obtained. However, the efficiency of plasma transition delay is really low. For example, when the actuation voltage is 16 kV, the actuation frequency is 1 kHz, and the main Mach number is 0.1, the saved power due to drag reduction is about 5.09 W, but the power consumed is about 32.61 W, and the efficiency is just 15.6%.     

基于CCR带并行腔双集束型设备调度方法

为有效解决450mm晶圆制造中带有并行处理腔的集束型设备群调度问题,提出了基于产能约束资源（CCR）的调度方法。首先,综合考虑多品种加工、晶圆驻留和资源约束等特征,以系统总完工时间最小作为目标,建立带并行腔双集束型设备调度数学模型;其次,为优化机械手作业顺序,对CCR实施锁定-收紧-松弛（LTL）策略,构建了一种以CCR为界的分段调度算法;最后,进行了仿真实验分析。结果表明本文提出的算法是有效和有竞争性的。      

加速度场中环路热管温度波动现象分析

基于离心机系统,搭建了双储液器环路热管（DCCLHP）工作特性实验台,实验研究了环路热管在地面重力场和过载加速度场中的运行性能,热载荷范围为25～300 W,过载加速度大小为3g～9g,分析了不同热载荷、加速度方向、大小对环路热管温度波动的影响。结果表明,过载加速度会改变环路热管的启动模式和运行性能,可抑制或激发冷凝器出口温度波动甚至整个环路的波动,但相同热载荷下蒸发器运行温度基本一致。回路中气液两相流动自身固有的不稳定性在过载加速度效应下更易受到激发,加剧回路中流动不稳定,进而加剧蒸发器向储液器漏热的不稳定。冷凝器的冷却作用可以有效削弱冷凝器段的温度波动。