宽带雷达中频直接采样信号数字去线性调频方法

为了改善模拟Dechirp方法的接收信号质量,降低中频直接采样匹配滤波处理的运算量,结合这两种方法的优点提出了数字Dechirp实时处理方法。通过理论分析与推导得出数学模型,再从实现的角度详细分析了数据抽取、滤波器设计等问题,同时介绍了适用于数字Dechirp的系统失真补偿方法。仿真与实测数据证明该方法是一种可行、高效的实时脉冲压缩方法。     

基于CORDIC算法的DDS在铷原子频标中的应用

铷原子频标是各种原子频标中发展最为活跃的,由于其独特的外在及内在的特点,使其在商业通信、空间导航等领域得到最为广泛的应用。铷原子频标中,通过DDS和倍频链共同生成Rb87原子跃迁所需的微波信号,其中带有任意尾数频率DDS的产生是非常重要的一个环节,而目前的DDS多采用查表法来实现,而对于高分辨力的DDS,查表法则需要相当巨大的ROM空间,以至于无法用于较高要求的设计中。简要介绍铷原子频标的基本原理的基础上,提出并且实现了一种基于CORDIC算法的DDS,本算法通过简单的加、减和移位等基本操作来实现DDS的功能,并给出实现DDS的实例。     

CCV飞机纵向解耦控制律的研究

本文应用多输入、多输出跟踪模型法,对CCV型飞机纵向飞行控制系统的解耦控制律问题进行了研究。并以某型飞机为例,说明如何应用该方法确定三种纵向直接力模态的动态解耦控制律。     

Direct thrust test and asymmetric performance of porous ionic liquid electrospray thruster

In order to meet the demand of CubeSats for low power and high-performance micro-propulsion system, a porous ionic liquid electrospray thruster prototype is developed in this study. 10 × 10 conical emitter arrays are fabricated on an area of 3.24 cm² by computer numerical control machining technology. The propellant is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The overall dimension of the assembled prototype is 3 cm × 3 cm × 1 cm, with a total weight of about 15 g (with propellant). The performance of this prototype is tested under vacuum. The results show that it can work in the voltage range of ±2.0 kV to ±3.0 kV, and the maximum emission current and input power are about 355 μA and 1.12 W. Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry results show that cationic monomers and dimers dominate the beam in positive mode, while a higher proportion of higher-order solvated ion clusters in negative mode. The maximum specific impulse is 2992 s in positive mode and 849 s in negative mode. The thrust is measured in two methods: one is calculated by TOF results and the other is directly measured by high-precision torsional thrust stand. The thrust (T) obtained by these two methods conforms to a certain scaling law with respect to the emission current (I_em) and the applied voltage (V_app), following the scale of T ∼ I_emV_app^0.5, and the thrust range is from 2.1 μN to 42.6 μN. Many thruster performance parameters are significantly different in positive and negative modes. We speculate that due to the higher solvation energy of the anion, more solvated ion clusters are formed rather than pure ions under the same electric field. It may help to improve thruster performance if porous materials with smaller pore sizes are used as reservoirs. Although there are still many problems, most of the performance parameters of ILET-3 are good, which can theoretically meet the requirements of CubeSats for micro-propulsion system.     

高稳定度键控调频信号发生器设计

声纳是对水下目标进行定位、导航和通讯的主要手段。在现代声纳中常要求在一部声纳中同时具有几种信号工作方式的功能，例如单频脉冲信号工作方式、键控式调频信号工作方式等等。这就要求作为声纳发射机的驱动信号源要有相当高的频率稳定度和准确度，特别对于调频信号。介绍一种用单片直接频率合成器（ＤＤＳ）产生上述信号的电路设计，该电路具有转变信号工作方式方便，并具有晶体振荡器的频率准确度和稳定度。     

偏置动量卫星偏航姿态估计与控制研究

为改善偏置动量卫星无偏航姿态敏感器时用滚动角间接控制偏航姿态的精度,基于降维观测器设计提出了一种采用偏航角估计值直接控制偏航姿态方法。在分析收敛性的基础上,给出了降维观测器的设计,以及直接控制法的系统模型。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该法能大幅提高偏置动量卫星的姿态精度,且易于软件实现,不增加系统硬件配置。     

Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology

3D-printing technologies are receiving an always increasing attention in architecture, due to their potential use for direct construction of buildings and other complex structures, also of considerable dimensions, with virtually any shape. Some of these technologies rely on an agglomeration process of inert materials, e.g. sand, through a special binding liquid and this capability is of interest for the space community for its potential application to space exploration. In fact, it opens the possibility for exploiting in-situ resources for the construction of buildings in harsh spatial environments. The paper presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the concept of 3D printing technology for building habitats on the Moon using lunar soil, also called regolith. A particular patented 3D-printing technology – D-shape – has been applied, which is, among the existing rapid prototyping systems, the closest to achieving full scale construction of buildings and the physical and chemical characteristics of lunar regolith and terrestrial regolith simulants have been assessed with respect to the working principles of such technology. A novel lunar regolith simulant has also been developed, which almost exactly reproduces the characteristics of the JSC-1A simulant produced in the US. Moreover, tests in air and in vacuum have been performed to demonstrate the occurrence of the reticulation reaction with the regolith simulant. The vacuum tests also showed that evaporation or freezing of the binding liquid can be prevented through a proper injection method. The general requirements of a Moon outpost have been specified, and a preliminary design of the habitat has been developed. Based on such design, a section of the outpost wall has been selected and manufactured at full scale using the D-shape printer and regolith simulant. Test pieces have also been manufactured and their mechanical properties have been assessed.     

Status and perspectives of indirect and direct dark matter searches

In this review article the current status of particle dark matter is addressed. We discuss the main theoretical extensions of the standard model which allow to explain dark matter in terms of a (yet undiscovered) elementary particle. We then discuss the theoretical predictions for the searches of particle dark matter: direct detection in low-background underground experiments and indirect detection of neutrinos, gamma-rays and antimatter with terrestrial and space-borne detectors. Attention will be placed also on the discussion of the uncertainties, mainly of astrophysical origin, which affect the theoretical predictions. The constraints placed by these searches on the extensions of the standard models will be briefly addressed.     

基于软件锁相环的电机速度控制系统

随着电力电子、微电子技术和控制技术的发展,一些场合对电机调速系统性能的要求越来越高,而锁相调速控制在稳速精度方面有其独特的优势。文章在改进的数字锁相环基础上,提出了软件锁相环电机速度控制系统,利用高性能微处理器实现了软件锁相环。     

深空背景下运动点目标探测距离模型研究

红外相机探测运动点目标时,探测能力主要指标为探测距离,而影响探测距离的因素很多,如光学系统工作温度、红外探测器像元尺寸、目标特性等。文章从红外相机点源目标探测基本理论出发,建立了运动点目标红外相机探测距离估算模型,分析了影响探测距离的各相关因素,为深空背景下运动点目标红外相机的指标设计提供理论参考。