飞机结冰探测器安装位置研究

基于飞机结冰探测器安装要求,通过三维数值仿真,模拟了机头表面流场和水滴撞击特性.通过标定水滴遮蔽区和浓度增加区引入危险位置点的概念,对结冰探测器的安装位置进行了分析,模拟了安装位置处结冰探测器探头表面和飞机主要迎风部件表面的水滴收集特性和结冰特性,并进行对比分析.分析结果表明探头表面的最大收集系数、结冰强度和结冰程度等...     

内融冰盘管动态蓄冰特性数值模拟与实验研究

采用焓法建立了管外结冰过程的二维动态数学模型,数值模拟了冰层沿换热管径向及长度方向的动态生长规律,并在此基础上分析了载冷剂进口温度、流量变化和不同结冰时间等对冰层动态生长及蓄冷特性的影响,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:在结冰初期的2 h内冰层厚度及动态蓄冷量数值模拟结果与实验数据误差较大,而在蓄冰过程结束时二者吻合较好,误差在10%以内;沿载冷剂流动方向冰层厚度逐渐减小,数值模拟与实验结果基本吻合。数值模拟结果与实验数据基本相符,验证了建立的数学模型的合理性。     

Active shape control for flexible space structures using an optimal gyricity distribution

An active shape control approach for a circular flexible space structure is studied. The shape of these flexible structures may need active shape control due to some particular mission objectives. For example, antenna reflectors may have requirements for their shape accuracy to guarantee communication performance; and some solar sails may change their shape to realize different commissions during interplanetary flight. This paper investigates an active shape control process executed by the gyricity (stored angular momentum) distribution existing in the circular flexible space structure. The shape of the circular flexible space structure is expected to be reformed from a plane plate to a paraboloidal plate. An optimal gyricity distribution is derived based on the optimal control theory for systems described by partial differential equations. Distributed forces can be generated by the optimal gyricity distribution in a rotating field to implement the active shape control. The dynamic model of the circular flexible space structure is established for the active shape control through the finite element method. Numerical simulation validates the functionality of the shape control method, and illustrates the shape-adjusting process of the circular flexible space structure.     

基于改进A*算法的UUV冰下避障航迹规划算法

针对冰下避障航迹规划问题,提出了一种基于改进A*算法的三维冰下避障航迹规划算法.不同于传统的A*航迹规划算法,该算法结合了人工势场航迹规划算法的思想,将水下地形碰撞约束、海冰碰撞约束以及UUV巡航高度约束重新编排.算法分析表明,该避障航迹规划算法能够有效增强UUV冰下避障能力与定深巡航高度控制能力.基于改进的A*冰下避障航迹规划算法,给出了上述约束的设计方法并进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明,基于上述约束的航迹规划算法具有良好的避障能力、巡航高度控制能力以及航行距离控制能力.     

Minimizing airfoil drag at low angles of attack with DBD-based turbulent drag reduction methods

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) based turbulent drag reduction methods are used to reduce the total drag on a NACA 0012 airfoil at low angels of attack. The interaction of DBD with turbulent boundary layer was investigated, based on which the drag reduction experiments were conducted. The results show that unidirectional steady discharge is more effective than oscillating discharge in terms of drag reduction, while steady impinging discharge fails to finish the mission (i.e. drag increase). In the best scenario, a maximum relative drag reduction as high as 64 % is achieved at the freestream velocity of 5 m/s, and a drag reduction of 13.7 % keeps existing at the freestream velocity of 20 m/s. For unidirectional discharge, the jet velocity ratio and the dimensionless actuator spacing are the two key parameters affecting the effectiveness. The drag reduction magnitude varies inversely with the dimensionless spacing, and a threshold value of the dimensionless actuator spacing of 540 (approximately five times of the low-speed streak spacing) exists, above which the drag increases. When the jet velocity ratio smaller than 0.05, marginal drag variation is observed. In contrast, when the jet velocity ratio larger than 0.05, the experimental data bifurcates, one into the drag increase zone and the other into the drag reduction zone, depending on the value of dimensionless actuator spacing. In both zones, the drag variation magnitude increases with the jet velocity ratio. The total drag reduction can be divided into the reduction in pressure drag and turbulent friction drag, as well as the increase in friction drag brought by transition promotion. The reduction in turbulent friction drag plays an important role in the total drag reduction.     

基于形状记忆聚合物复合材料的双向形状记忆行为

为了解决当前大多形状记忆聚合物仅能实现单向形状记忆效应的难题，将TDE-86环氧树脂改性的氢化双酚A型形状记忆环氧树脂和以聚丁二烯为软段的聚氨酯弹性体相结合，制备了一种具备层合结构的形状记忆聚合物复合材料。该复合材料通过形状记忆环氧树脂产生的回复力与预拉伸聚氨酯弹性体产生的收缩力之间的平衡从而实现无应力下的双向形状记忆行为，即在90～110℃温度范围内，加热弯曲而冷却反向弯曲。结果表明：聚氨酯弹性体预拉伸量越大，材料在整个温度范围内的弯曲程度也越大；当回复温度在形状记忆环氧树脂玻璃化温度及以上时，材料回复程度较大；增加聚氨酯弹性体厚度会增大材料初始的弯曲程度，但会减小材料在双向形状记忆过程中的变形和回复程度。     

基于神经网络的减阻沟槽壁面形状优化

针对沟槽外形减阻问题，采用基于神经网络的方法对沟槽壁面形状进行外形优化。模型采用槽道流动模型，控制方程为黏性不可压缩Navier-Stokes(NS)方程，流动求解采用直接数值模拟（DNS）方法，对于对流项的离散采用紧致4阶中心格式，对黏性项的离散采用4阶中心格式，时间推进采用3阶Runge-Kutta格式。在神经网络优化过程中，约束方程为不可压NS方程，采用基于在线学习的自适应控制器，使用基于抑制展向切应力的控制律，控制量的产生由壁面变形提供。优化结果表明，壁面最大减阻效果可达17.41%。对于优化后的壁面，湍流强度降低了19.68%，同时壁面的涡量与雷诺切应力亦有所降低。由于湍流流动非定常，因此优化得到的壁面形状亦是时变的，但变化的过程中整体上仍呈现流向沟槽的形状。     

变形翼面内变形的研究现状及关键技术

变形机翼作为未来飞机设计的重要发展方向之一，其机翼面内变形的研究已得到广泛的关注。本文分别从变展长、变掠角、变弦长、组合变形四个方面进行分析，阐述面内变形机翼的国内外研究现状，归纳总结变形机理及优缺点，分析其发展趋势。针对该领域的研究现状以及变形机翼的应用要求，提出变形机翼亟待解决的关键技术，包括变形蒙皮技术、变形机构、智能驱动器、传感器及控制网络，阐述各关键技术的应用要求，分析其现存问题，并对未来发展方向进行归纳；以期为面内变形机翼的设计和应用实现提供部分参考。     

Improving aircraft aerodynamic performance with bionic wing obtained by ice shape modulation

For Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with limited electrical power to achieve effectively anti-/de-icing at the leading edge of the wing, a strategy of ice shape modulation was proposed. Isolated simulated ice shape pieces printed by 3D printing technology are mounted on a NACA0012 finite wing model, and its lift/drag coefficients and suction-side velocity fields are measured by the six-component force balance and the Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), respectively. The ratio of the spanwise length of a single ice shape piece to chord length and the spanwise length of the non-icing area between the two adjacent single ice shape pieces are defined as dimensionless ice shape length (w/c) and dimensionless modulation ratio (w/λ), respectively. The results indicate that for a fixed w/λ, the wing lift coefficient first increases and then drops with increasing w/c, and a peak value exists when w/c is between 0.1 and 0.2. The lower the w/λ is, the higher the wing lift coefficient will be. The periodical variation of the flow separation area along the spanwise direction is attributed on the one hand to the acceleration effect of the flow field in the non-icing area which reduces the separation area, and on the other hand to the cross-flow caused by the streamwise vortices from the non-icing area to the icing area which promotes the mixing of the flow field (similar to vortex generators). The obtained modulation law is verified through flight tests and provides guidance for the use of ice shape modulation scheme for UAVs that cannot be completely anti-/de-icing under severe weather conditions.     

临近空间飞艇保形升空过程热运动特性研究

为了掌握双气囊临近空间飞艇升空过程中因保形需要而导致的复杂的热运动特性，文章建立了飞艇升空过程中的热平衡模型与运动模型，对某双气囊飞艇的保形升空过程进行仿真研究，获得了临近空间飞艇升空过程中轨迹与温度的变化规律。结果表明：临近空间飞艇保形升空时，升空速度呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势；受升空过程中氦气囊膨胀对外做功的影响，内部气体“过冷”现象明显，“过冷”最高可达20K；当飞艇升至驻空高度附近时，内部气体温度快速上升；受净浮力影响，飞艇的升空时间与充气质量呈反比；受夏至日太阳辐射投影面积的影响，飞艇升空过程中俯仰角越大，虽然阻力系数减小，但辐射得热降低，造成整体升空时间增加；气囊超压设置越大，飞艇升空时间越长。研究成果对临近空间飞艇的升空与运行控制具有一定的指导作用。