Progress of Earth Observation in China

Sustainability is the current theme of global development, and for China, it is not only an opportunity but also a challenge. In 2016, the Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted, addressing the need to limit the rise of global temperatures. The United Nations (UN) has set Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to transform our world in terms of closely linking human well-being, economic prosperity, and healthy environments. Sustainable development requires the support of spatial information and objective evaluation, and the capability of macroscopic, rapid, accurate Earth observation techniques plays an important role in sustainable development. Recently, Earth observation technologies are developing rapidly in China, where scientists are building coordinated, comprehensive and sustainable Earth observation systems for global monitoring programs. Recent efforts include the Digital Belt and Road Program (DBAR) and comparative studies of the "three poles". This and other researches will provide powerful support for solving problems such as global change and environmental degradation.     

基于机器视觉的万用表数字识别技术研究

为提高手持式数字万用表校准系统的自动化水平,本文通过研究图像灰度阈值法、传统方法的目标分类和深度学习三种不同类型的字符识别技术,提出了两种基于机器视觉的数字识别方案。测试结果显示,两种方案的字符识别准确率均可达到99. 8%,但其在硬件资源占比、编程难易程度上二者还存在显著差异。该机器视觉字符识别功能的成功开发与应用,可为更多无程控通信接口的计量测试设备,及一些不适于人工作业的危险计量工作环境进行类似的数字识别提供借鉴。     

基于GPU的NCO相位累积误差消除方法

针对航天测控系统高精度数控振荡器NCO实现需求，利用图形处理单元GPU的高灵活性和高效并行数据处理能力，设计了一种基于GPU的高效高精度NCO实现方法。针对NCO计算中浮点数相位累加运算累积误差大的共性问题，利用无误差变换技术设计了基于Fast2Sum算法和2Sum算法的单精度浮点数相位累积误差综合补偿算法，并利用该算法为NCO系统设计了相位累积求和算子。最后，基于GPU平台对该方法进行了验证。试验结果表明，该方法能够将基于GPU的NCO系统浮点数相位累积误差控制在1×10–5 rad量级。     

Design of on-board calibration methods for a digital sun sensor based on Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and Kalman filters

Digital sun sensor is one of the most important sensors used in the Attitude Determination System (ADS) of the satellite. Due to the harsh environmental conditions that exist in the space, various distortions may occur in the sun sensor optical system that lead to the reduced accuracy of this equipment. So, it is necessary to recalibrate the optical parameters of the aforementioned sensors. For this purpose, first a novel attitude independent error model is proposed for the SS-411 sun sensor that includes the central point of the CCD array, installation error, filter thickness and sensor misalignment. So, the mutual interfaces between the sensor parameters are considered in the developed model. In order to extract the sensor parameters, a nonlinear optimization technique called the Levenberg–Marquardt is applied to the developed model as a batch algorithm. In addition, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) have been utilized as sequential strategies. It will be shown that by considering a worst case of variation amount for sensor parameters, an accuracy improvement of about 17° is achieved by the developed calibration algorithms. Comparison between the developed algorithms represents that UKF has higher accuracy, shorter time convergence but higher computational load.     

面向MBD模型的工艺信息组织与重构系统

针对生产准备过程中人工逐项查看、查找MBD模型中产品制造信息工作量大、耗时长的问题,基于MBD模型中工艺信息的存储规范,对非几何信息的检索、提取、分析、重构技术进行了研究,在此基础上开发了面向MBD模型的工艺信息组织与重构系统,满足了制造过程中不同阶段、不同角色、不同专业对产品数模信息不同层次的使用需求。     

关于冲击信号的数字处理方法研究

介绍了冲击信号各面指标的计算方法,并着重介绍了如何将数字信号处理方法应用于冲击信号的处理中。     

DDS频率合成器AD9850原理及应用

"软件无线电"是实现无线通信的新思路,它是在通用的开放式无线电智能平台上,通过安装不同的软件来完成各种通信功能。文章引入"软件无线电"的设计思想,结合具体设计实例,论述了直接数字频率合成器AD9850的工作原理、特点及应用。     

基于USB的数据存储设备开发方案

介绍一个基于USB的数据存储设备开发方案,系统采用PH ILIPS公司的ISP1160芯片来实现USB主机控制器。首先介绍USB的特点,然后详细讨论方案各功能模块的实现方法,最后说明方案应用和系统性能指标。     

微波散射计数字接收机DDC的设计与实现

微波散射计是一种用于测量目标后向散射系数的有源微波遥感器。文章介绍了作为微波散射计重要部件之一的数字化中频接收机,指出数字下变频在微波散射计数字化中频接收机的数字化和软件化过程的作用。根据微波散射计数字化中频接收机工作机理与数字下变频原理,结合Matlab算法仿真技术,设计并实现了基于FPGAIP核的数字下变频。仿真与实测结果表明：基于FPGAIP核设计实现的数字下变频能够满足微波散射计数字化中频接收机性能指标要求,并且具有灵活性、通用性、修改参数方便等特点。     

FM/FM遥测系统数字鉴频器的研究

FM/FM遥测体制有着广泛的应用 ,研究数字式 FM/FM解调系统具有重要意义。给出了一种利用最大后验概率估计 (MAP)方法来估计调制相位 ,进而得到 FM解调输出的数字鉴频器。同时采用了相位扩展的方法来解决可能出现的相位缠绕问题。这种方法可采用 FPGA进行硬件实现。该方法也可用于数字信号处理锁相环 (DPL L)设计。