ZrO2陶瓷热障涂层显微结构及隔热性能研究

用电子束物理气相沉积法(EB-PVD)在DZ125高温合金上制备Y2O3部分稳定化的ZrO2(YSZ)陶瓷热障涂层,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层显微结构.采用激光脉冲法对EB-PVD热障涂层的热扩散系数进行测试.为防止热扩散系数测试时激光穿透ZrO2陶瓷层,在试样表面制备不同材料的遮挡层.结果表明,EB-PVD热障涂层呈明显的柱状晶结构,柱状晶垂直于涂层/基体界面.基体的热扩散系数随温度的升高而急剧增加,陶瓷热障涂层的热扩散系数随温度的升高呈下降趋势,但变化幅度不大.室温下陶瓷层的热扩散系数小于基体的1/3,1200℃时约为基体的1/67.试样的激光遮挡层很好解决了激光脉冲法测试涂层热扩散系数时的不稳定性和激光穿透问题.在满足遮挡要求的条件下,遮挡层材料种类对热扩散系数测试无明显影响.     

Operating characteristics of a high radius pre-swirl cooling system

An experimental investigation into pre-swirl effectiveness and receiver hole discharge coefficient characteristics for a high radius injection pre-swirl cooling systems was carried out on a physically representative experimental rig with a 450 mm diameter rotor.The receiver holes and pre-swirl nozzle were located at a radius of 181 mm and 180 mm respectively.The experimental work was mainly conducted at 5 000～12 000 r/min,4 bar absolute pressure and 1.132 kg/s air supply.The maximum air supply temperature was 190 ℃.Pressure and temperature distributions in the pre-swirl system were examined with an emphasis on the velocity effectiveness of the pre-swirl system as a whole and on the discharge coefficients of the rotating 'receiver holes' in the rotor.The results showed that the velocity effectiveness increased with increasing swirl ratio resulting in reduced blade cooling flow temperature.Different seal flow configurations caused very different effectiveness at different speeds,but outflow through the inner and outer seals always gave the highest effectiveness compared other configurations.Increasing the seal flow rate reduced the effectiveness.For the coefficient of discharge,except for the low speed range,it increased with increase in swirl ratio for most speeds.      

Effect of tube-electrode inner diameter on electrochemical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in modern aircraft engines because of their excellent material characteristics, particularly in the fabrication of film cooling holes. How-ever, the high machining requirement of a large number of film cooling holes can be extremely chal-lenging. The hybrid machining technique of tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling (TEHECDD) has been considered as a promising method for the production of film cooling holes. Compared with any single machining process, this hybrid technique requires the removal of more complex machining by-products, including debris produced in the electrical discharge machin-ing process and hydroxide and bubbles generated in the electrochemical machining process. These by-products significantly affect the machining efficiency and surface quality of the machined prod-ucts. In this study, tube electrodes in different inner diameters are designed and fabricated, and the effects of inner diameter on the machining efficiency and surface quality of TEHECDD are inves-tigated. The results show that larger inner diameters could effectively improve the flushing condi-tion and facilitate the removal of machining by-products. Therefore, higher material removal efficiency, surface quality, and electrode wear rate could be achieved by increasing the inner diam-eter of the tube electrode.     

材料特性对热障涂层合理压入深度的影响

基于有限元计算方法和量纲分析原理提出了热障涂层合理压入深度的确定方法,并研究了涂层及基体材料特性对合理压入深度的影响.首先,根据量纲分析原理提出了合理压入深度的无量纲表达式;其次基于锥形压头识别理想弹塑性材料的材料特性的方法,提出合理压入深度的确定方法;最后研究了各无量纲因素对合理压入深度的影响.研究发现基体的弹性模量对合理压入深度的影响最大,粘结层材料特性的影响较大,热氧化生成层的材料特性及基体的屈服极限对合理压入深度的影响不大.     

电火花成型机数控系统的研究

通过研究开放式数控系统的体系结构，结合开放式的运动控制器，开发了基于PC的四轴联动电火花数控系统，本研究通过采用神经模糊控制智能技术，并结合数据库，依据放电间隙状况对电火花成型加工过程进行实时控制，保证加工过程处于优化状态，文中还详细研究了高精度双闭环控制以实现工件的高精度加工。     

高速走丝电火花线切割表面条纹的成因研究

分析了高速走丝电火花线切割加工时可通过电极丝空间位置稳定性的改善及选用具有良好洗涤能力的工作介质进行条纹消除的机理.并研究指出在大能量切割时,选用复合工作液以喷射的方式进行冷却,可以大大提高极间的洗涤性能,达到消除表面烧伤纹的目的.     

高频脉冲微细电火花加工放电通道形成过程

研究了微细电火花加工中,高频电磁场形成的强磁力箍缩效应对加工过程中放电通道扩张及放电通道位形变化的影响.计算了高频电磁场作用下,放电通道中带电粒子所受洛伦兹力的变化情况.通过理论分析与实验研究,推测了放电通道的形成过程,认为在高频电磁场中,放电通道在强磁力箍缩效应作用下产生的通道直径减小、能量密度增大等变化是微细电火花加工表面出现的一系列特殊现象的重要原因.     

燃烧室头部激励的等离子体强化燃烧特性实验研究

等离子体助燃是一种新型的强化燃烧技术,近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文开创性地研制了基于旋转滑动弧等离子体的强化燃烧头部,建立了某型航空发动机三头部燃烧室实验件的等离子体助燃实验平台,验证了该等离子体强化燃烧技术应用于型号发动机燃烧室的可行性。实验研究等离子体助燃在不同余气系数和不同输入电压条件下对平均出口温度、燃烧效率、温度分布系数以及熄火边界的影响。实验结果表明,与正常燃烧相比,施加等离子体助燃后的燃烧效率有明显的提高,在输入电压为U0=240V,余气系数为 α=0.8时,等离子体助燃的燃烧效率提高3.24%。实施等离子体助燃后,燃烧室出口温度分布场分布得到明显的改善,在富油工况α=0.8,出口温度分布系数减少39.8%。等离子体助燃输入电压越高熄火边界扩展程度越明显,相比于正常工况条件下,等离子体助燃U0=240V的熄火边界扩宽了7.34%。     

基于三维场路协同方法的静电损伤仿真测试平台

静电放电已经逐渐成为导致各类电子设备故障的主要原因之一,在电子产品研制过程中通常采用实物测试方式检验产品抗静电能力,但该方式耗费资金过大、可重复性差同时易损伤受试设备。在这种情况下,建立基于三维场路协同方法的静电损伤仿真测试平台有效地解决了上述问题。该平台以电脑仿真技术（CST）软件为基础,通过构建静电放电枪模块,结合受试设备模块和仿真参数设置模块,以时域有限积分法求解器进行仿真,并利用数据输出和处理模块得出结果。利用建立好的仿真测试平台对一台数据传输设备进行8 kV接触放电,观察其表面电流和磁场分布,并对其造成的传导干扰和辐射干扰进行分析。通过建立静电损伤仿真测试平台,实现了静电放电测试的可重复以及无损伤的目的,具有较强的工程指导意义。      

液体火箭可贮存推进剂泄出速度影响因素分析

为提高液体火箭可贮存推进剂泄出速度,缩短泄出时间,通过分析泄出过程中推进剂流动状态及能量变化,建立了推进剂泄出速度的数学模型,按照实际设定参数计算了泄出量,计算结果与实际泄出吻合,并依据模型分析了相关因素对泄出速度的影响程度。结果表明：泄出转接波纹软管管径是影响泄出速度的主要因素,增加软管管径可显著缩短泄出时间;同时,贮箱气枕压力对泄出速度同样具有明显的影响。