Influence of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field on the Solar Wind Flow about Planetary Obstacles

The main effects caused by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) are analyzed in cases of supersonic solar wind flow around magnetized planets (like Earth) and nonmagnetized (like Venus) planets. The IMF has a relatively weak strength in the solar wind but it is enhanced considerably in the so-called plasma depletion layer or magnetic barrier in the vicinity of the streamlined obstacle (magnetopause of a magnetized planet, or ionopause of a nonmagnetized planet). For magnetized planets, the magnetic barrier is a source of free magnetic energy for magnetic reconnection in cases of large magnetic shear at the magnetopause. For nonmagnetized planets, mass loading of the ionospheric particles is very important. The new created ions are accelerated by the electric field related to the IMF, and thus they gain energy from the solar wind plasma. These ions form the boundary layer within the magnetic barrier. This mass loading process affects considerably the profiles of the magnetic field and plasma parameters in the flow region.     

消融控制电弧等离子体发生器放电特性的实验研究

通过衬套材料消融补充等离子体从而控制电弧生长的技术具有很好的应用前景。利用一个总贮能800kJ的模块化电容基脉冲功率源系统为消融控制电弧等离子体发生器强流放电提供电能输入，在一定的参数变化范围内，实验研究了脉冲功率源初始放电参数、等离子体发生器几何参数以及消融材料对消融控制电弧放电特性的影响规律。借助于理论分析，也可定性获得消融控制电弧等离子体压力和温度对上述影响参量变化的依赖关系。     

低温等离子体放电区长度对点火起爆的影响

为了研究低温等离子体放电区长度,即放电区间隙不变,体积大小对脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆的影响,以丙烷为燃料,空气和纯氧为氧化剂,充分考虑其详细的化学反应动力学机理,将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核,对放电区长度为20,40,60mm三种结构,利用Fluent软件,对点火起爆过程进行数值模拟,并进行对比分析.结果表明:将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核是可行的,能够得到完整的点火起爆过程;不同放电区长度,对初始火焰形成、火焰传播速度和缓燃转爆震(DDT)时间有很大影响,对爆震波峰值压力影响不大.      

Turbulent boundary layer separation control using plasma actuator at Reynolds number 2000000

An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of symmetrical plasma actuators on turbulent boundary layer separation control at high Reynolds number. Compared with the traditional control method of plasma actuator, the whole test model was made of aluminum and acted as a covered electrode of the symmetrical plasma actuator. The experimental study of plasma actuators' effect on surrounding air, a canonical zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary, was carried out using particle image velocimetry(PIV) and laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV) in the 0.75 m × 0.75 m low speed wind tunnel to reveal the symmetrical plasma actuator characterization in an external flow. A half model of wing-body configuration was experimentally investigated in the  3.2 m low speed wind tunnel with a six-component strain gauge balance and PIV. The results show that the turbulent boundary layer separation of wing can be obviously suppressed and the maximum lift coefficient is improved at high Reynolds number with the symmetrical plasma actuator. It turns out that the maximum lift coefficient increased by approximately 8.98% and the stall angle of attack was delayed by approximately 2° at Reynolds number2 ×10~6. The effective mechanism for the turbulent separation control by the symmetrical plasma actuators is to induce the vortex near the wing surface which could create the relatively largescale disturbance and promote momentum mixing between low speed flow and main flow regions.     

Aerodynamic performance enhancement of a flying wing using nanosecond pulsed DBD plasma actuator

Experimental investigation of aerodynamic control on a 35 swept flying wing by means of nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge(NS-DBD) plasma was carried out at subsonic flow speed of 20–40 m/s, corresponding to Reynolds number of 3.1 · 105–6.2 · 105. In control condition, the plasma actuator was installed symmetrically on the leading edge of the wing. Lift coefficient, drag coefficient, lift-to-drag ratio and pitching moment coefficient were tested with and without control for a range of angles of attack. The tested results indicate that an increase of 14.5% in maximum lift coefficient, a decrease of 34.2% in drag coefficient, an increase of 22.4% in maximum lift-to-drag ratio and an increase of 2 at stall angle of attack could be achieved compared with the baseline case. The effects of pulsed frequency, amplitude and chord Reynolds number were also investigated.And the results revealed that control efficiency demonstrated strong dependence on pulsed frequency. Moreover, the results of pitching moment coefficient indicated that the breakdown of leading edge vortices could be delayed by plasma actuator at low pulsed frequencies.     

Surface-improvement mechanism of hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses

Superalloys are commonly used in aircraft manufacturing; however, the requirements for high surface quality and machining accuracy make them difficult to machine. In this study, a hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is proposed to achieve this target. In this method, electrochemical machining (ECM) and electrical discharge machining (EDM) are unified into a single process using a sequence of variable-amplitude pulses such that the machining process realizes both good surface finish and high machining accuracy. Furthermore, the machining mechanism of the hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is studied. The mechanism is investigated by observations of machining waveforms and machined surface. It is found that, with a high-frequency transformation between high- and low-voltage waveforms within a voltage cycle, the machining mechanism is frequently transformed from EDM to pure ECM. The critical discharge voltage is 40 V. When pulse voltages greater than 40 V are applied, the machining accuracy is good; however, the surface has defects such as numerous discharge craters. High machining accuracy is maintained when high-voltage pulses are replaced by low-voltage pulses to enhance electrochemical dissolution. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses can yield high-quality surfaces with high machining accuracy.     

基于上游渐扩管安装条件的内锥流量计性能预测

针对内锥流量计使用灵活性要求，利用计算流体动力学数值仿真和实流实验相结合的方法，研究上游渐扩管安装条件对内锥流量计性能的影响，以获取所需的最短直管段长度。研究对象是100mm口径、β值分别为0．45，0．65，0．85三种结构类型的样机。开展了基线和渐扩管两种类型的实验，仿真和实验的介质均为常温水，雷诺数范围分别为0．2488×10^5～2．488×10^5和0．3843×10^5-2．479×10^5，仿真结果和实验结论一致。利用附加不确定度和流出系数相对误差作为主要的评价标准，给出了上游渐扩管安装条件内锥流量计所需的直管段长度。     

稀疏孔阵层板冷却结构的主要参数影响数值研究

针对燃烧室火焰筒的气动热力条件,在给定的单位壁面面积冷却空气质量流量下,通过数值模拟较为系统地研究了稀疏孔阵层板结构主要参数对冷却性能的影响,冲击孔、扰流柱和气膜孔数之比为1∶10∶1。在本文研究的结构参数范围内,气膜孔和冲击孔直径对于层板的综合冷却效果和压降影响相对较大,增大气膜孔直径有利于改善综合冷却效果并降低冷却气流通过层板的压力损失,增大冲击孔直径虽降低了冷却气流压力损失但同时也导致综合冷却效果有一定的减弱;射流冲击间距和扰流柱直径的改变对压力损失影响甚微,扰流柱直径增加可以提升层板综合冷却效果,小射流冲击间距比的层板综合冷却效果略优。     

热障涂层界面脱粘缺陷的脉冲红外热成像检测

针对热障涂层界面脱粘缺陷的无损检测问题,首先制备了一种导热过程更加接近真实缺陷,且尺寸可控的人工模拟脱粘缺陷试样;在此基础上,采用脉冲红外热成像检测技术对人工脱粘缺陷进行检测,分析了涂层界面脱粘区和非脱粘区的表面温度瞬态响应过程;以图像标准差（SD）和归一化对比度（NC）作为评价标准,定量对比了脉冲相位法、主成分分析和表面热信号重构3种典型的热图重构方法在脱粘缺陷识别中的作用。结果表明,对400 μm厚的YSZ热障涂层,原始热图中可识别最小直径为4 mm的脱粘缺陷,而3种重构热图中均可识别最小直径为2 mm的界面脱粘缺陷,3种重构算法均显著提高了界面脱粘缺陷的识别能力,其中以表面热信号重构算法对图像的噪声抑制能力最强。     

纯钨材料环形微槽电解电火花加工特性研究

为解决氙灯钨阳极表面密集环形微槽加工的技术问题,提出了采用RC电源,在超低电导率下电解电火花加工纯钨表面微沟槽的方法。研究在RC电源下,不同电解液类型下的电解电火花加工特性。首先,通过电化学工作站测量纯钨材料在不同电解液类型下的极化曲线,分析不同电解液类型的初腐蚀电位。为研究加工过程形成的气泡对加工的影响规律,通过高速摄像仪对不同工艺条件下加工区域的气泡形成与分布进行观察。最后,采用自主研制的试验装置开展了纯钨棒材表面环形微沟槽电解电火花加工工艺试验,分析工作液成分、电导率、转速和电压不同参数对加工特性的影响规律。在极间电压60V,转速500r/min,电导率为50μS/cm的NaOH电解液下加工了槽宽为50.97μm,槽深为17.31μm的微沟槽结构。