超声速非平衡电离磁流体动力技术实验系统

介绍了超声速非平衡电离磁流体动力技术实验系统的设计思想和组成,设计、制作了马赫数为3.5的吸气式双喉道风洞,采用以陶瓷板为阻挡介质的电容耦合射频阻挡放电,实现了超声速流场中大体积、连续、稳定、均匀等离子体的产生.主要结论有:实验测试风洞稳定工作时间为18s,稳定运行时实验段静压为650Pa;电容耦合射频放电典型工作状态下,通过伏安诊断法测出超声速条件下等离子体的电导率为1.27×10-3S/m.      

Simulation of temperature distribution and discharge crater of SiCp/Al composites in a single-pulsed arc discharge

SiC_p/Al composites are difficult-to-cut materials. In recent years, electrical arc discharge machining has been developed to improve the machinability of these materials. However, there is a big challenge to build a satisfactory heat transfer model of SiC_p/Al composites in the arc machining. This is not only because of the material property difference between the reinforcement and matrix material but also because of the micro-dimension SiC reinforcements. This paper established a new heat conduction simulation model considering the SiC particle-Al matrix interface and the phase change effects in a single-pulsed arc discharge of SiC_p/Al composites. A novel SiC particle-Al matrix cell geometric model was designed firstly. Then, the temperature distribution at a different depth from the workpiece surface was analyzed, the influence of sic volume fraction on temperature field was studied, and the contribution of the interface thermal resistance and latent heat were explained. To demonstrate the validity of the new numerical model, comparisons and verifications were employed. Finally, the method of improving the model was proposed and the machining mechanism of arc discharge of SiC_p/Al matrix materials was discussed. It was found that high temperature is prone to concentrate on the surface layers of the workpiece especially when the SiC fraction is high, also, the temperature fluctuates respectively at the evaporation point of aluminum and SiC, and the SiC-Al resistance has less influence on temperature distribution compared to latent heat, etc. The model build in this work improves the simulation accuracy observably compared to the previous model, and the simulation work will help to acquire a detailed mechanism of material removal of SiC_p/Al composites in the arc discharge machining.     

电飘机升力机制和效率的研究

实验测量了电飘机在不同电压和电极几何参数情况下的升力值.采用离子风现象解释了电飘机的升力机制,在此基础上利用一维电流体动力学方法推导了升力和升力效率的公式.理论分析结果和实验值吻合良好,电飘机中升力的来源依赖于电晕电流的形成,并与电晕电流的大小相关.在电压不太高时,升力大小随电压的升高而增大,并大致呈抛物线关系,与电极间距成反比关系,与电极长度成正比关系.分析了空气参数对电飘机升力和效率的影响,发现减小离子在空气中的迁移率是提高效率的有效方法,但同时降低了升力.分析了电飘机的应用前景.      

旋转对带斜肋和双排孔通道孔流量系数影响

为了获得工作叶片内部通道布置斜肋情况下的气膜孔流量系数,利用商业软件对带60°肋和双排气膜孔出流的旋转矩形通道内的流场进行了数值模拟.通道入口雷诺为数60 000,罗斯贝数为0,0.11,0.22,气膜孔总出流比0.22.通道静止时,计算结果与实验数据符合较好,左侧孔和右侧孔的流量系数差别不大.通道顺时针旋转时,两个孔的平均流量系数增加90%左右,左侧孔流量系数是右侧孔流量系数的4～5倍.通道逆时针旋转时,两个孔的平均流量系数减小10%左右,左侧孔和右侧孔流量系数基本相同.      

Numerical simulation on a film-cooled rotating model with 30° injection holes

The flow and heat transfer characteristics were numerically investigated on a film cooling model under different rotating operating conditions.The computational model was originated from the mid-span section of a typical turbine rotor with two rows of 14 staggered injection holes angled 30° both on the suction surface and pressure surface,and the flow through the coolant plenum and all the hole-pipes were resolved as a part of the computational domain by specifying the coolant mass flux in the plenum.The computations primarily focus on under-standing the rotational effect on film cooling performance in mechanism research approach.In the present study,the Reynolds number(Re) based on mainstream velocity and injection hole diameter varied from 1835.5 to 5507.4,and the averaged blowing ratio(M) ranges of 0.5 to 1.5.Results show that the coolant will move on to the high-radius locations near the suction and pressure surfaces due to the strong centrifugal effect,which leads to the decrease in adiabatic effectiveness accordingly.The discharge coefficients(Cd),on the pressure surface,are much higher than that on the suction surface under a given operating condition.In addition,the critical values of angular speed which represent the equilibrium of centrifugal force and Coriolis force near the pressure surface are also presented.      

三元流闭式叶轮组合电加工技术研究Ⅰ——总体方案设计及关键技术

针对难切削材料三元流闭式叶轮上复杂弯扭型腔的加工难题,提出数控电解(NC-ECM)/数控电火花(NC-EDM)组合加工数字化制造技术方案。本文重点论述了其总体方案设计及关键技术,包括总体工艺流程设计,数控电解预加工中阴极及运动轨迹设计,数控电火花精加工中电极及加工轨迹设计,工装夹具设计以及加工参数的选择与优化等问题。成功试制了合格的某型三元流闭式叶轮,试验结果表明,组合电加工技术能够满足三元流闭式叶轮的实际生产要求。     

改性Ca0.7La0.2TiO3陶瓷增强乙烯基含硅芳炔树脂复合材料的界面与性能

文 摘 采用 30% H₂O₂和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)对 Ca_{0. 7}La_{0. 2}TiO₃(CLT)进行了羟基化(CLT—OH)和硅烷化(CLT—VT)改性,分别在陶瓷表面获得了亲水和疏水层,两者分别与树脂间形成氢键作用和物理吸附。采用熔融浇铸法,将改性后的陶瓷和乙烯基含硅芳炔树脂树脂(PSAE)制备成具有系列化介电常数微波介质复合材料,研究了不同陶瓷/树脂界面作用力对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,40vol%CLT—VT/PSAE获得了 10 GHz 下最优的介电性能,介电常数 13. 8,介电损耗 3. 16×10^-3;40vol%CLT—OH/PSAE 获得了最优的综合性能,弯曲强度达50 MPa,介电常数14. 77,介电损耗3. 29×10^-3。     

等离子体点火器设计及其放电特性研究

基于等离子体放电理论,设计了3种不同形式的等离子体点火器:环形等离子体点火器、碟形等离子体点火器和圆柱等离子体点火器。对于不同的等离子体点火器,研究了在电源激励形式、电压、气体压力变化时的点火器放电特性,并将等离子体点火器与普通火花塞点火器的点火进行了对比分析。结果表明:设计的3种等离子体点火器能够有效地产生等离子体放电流注;随着放电环境的空气气压的逐渐升高,等离子体点火器的临界放电电压不断增大;在低气压时,击穿阈值电压随气压增加呈线性上升,基本符合帕邢定律的放电公式,在高气压时 ,放电阈值电压会偏离帕邢定律。     

表面处理对热障涂层界面微结构的影响

采用真空电弧离子镀技术在单晶高温合金DD32上制备HY5金属粘结层,通过振动光饰、吹砂2种不同的表面处理方法改变粘结层表面状态,再在粘结层表面利用电子束物理气相沉积技术制备陶瓷层。研究了不同处理方法对粘结层表面状态的影响;测试了不同表面处理方法下制备的热障涂层的高温氧化性能并对比分析了它们的变化规律。此外,探讨了不同表面处理方法对界面元素成分及失效特征的影响。研究结果表明,通过表面处理可以去除粘结层表面较大的凸起,提高表面平整度,提高热障涂层抗氧化性能。与粗糙界面相比,光滑界面形成的TGO层均匀致密,Al含量高。经长时间的高温氧化后,粗糙界面的TGO层出现明显皱曲现象,陶瓷层开裂剥落。     

航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层应用的关键技术和问题

热障涂层是提高涡轮叶片可靠性和服役寿命的关键技术。从热障涂层的粘结层与涡轮叶片高温合金基体的匹配性、CMAS(一种基于CaO、MgO、Al2O3和Si O2等多种氧化物构成的环境沉积物)形成及其对热障涂层的损伤和相应的防护、叶片热障涂层厚度分布的过程控制、热障涂层制备过程中气膜孔缩孔、热障涂层的在线无损检测及涂层返修以满足涡轮叶片全寿命周期需求等方面论述了航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层工程应用技术和需要解决的实际问题。