适合多种机床结构的数控系统5坐标变换库

研究了适合多种结构布局形式的统一坐标变换方法,开发出数控系统5坐标变换函数库,并作为坐标变换控制模块集成到数控系统中.分析了5坐标数控机床运动学模型,归纳出12种5坐标数控机床结构布局,并推导了对应的坐标变换数学算法.通过结构分析和数学变换将12种算法扩展归纳到3类基础算法,并基于3类基础算法开发出适合多种机床结构布局的5坐标变换库.利用机床三维仿真系统验证了5坐标变换库的可行性,并将该坐标变换库集成到北京航空航天大学开发的CH-2010开放式数控系统中.     

精密复杂曲面零件多轴数控加工技术研究进展

多轴数控（CNC）加工是现代工业中的标志性加工技术,在能源、动力、国防、运载工具、航空航天等制造领域的关键零部件加工中占据着主导地位。随着这些领域中高端装备性能要求越来越高,涌现出一大批加工难度大、性能指标要求苛刻的精密复杂曲面零件,其加工已由以往单纯的形位精度要求,跃升为形位与性能指标并重的高性能加工要求,给传统的复杂曲面零件数控加工技术带来了严峻挑战。针对精密复杂曲面零件形位精度保证、加工效率提升及动态切削过程可控等关键技术问题,从多轴数控加工的高效加工路径设计、进给率规划以及加工动力学分析等方面,详细论述相关加工技术的研究现状、存在的难点和核心问题,指出可行的解决途径、突破方向和未来的发展趋势,为实现复杂曲面零件的高性能数控加工提供参考和依据。     

声发射在微铣削过程中监测刀具破损的应用

应用声发射传感器对微铣削过程中的刀具状态进行监测。通过结合传声器传感器,利用小波分析,声发射传感器能更精确有效地监测刀具破损的现象。分别在几种不同的工件材料进行了声发射监测实验。通过该声发射监测刀具破损技术采集得到信号,再利用小波分析对实验数据分析。结果表明,在微铣削中利用声发射信号来监控刀具状态的可行性。     

含孤岛型腔铣削加工的螺旋刀轨生成算法

当型腔含有孤岛时,使用传统环切铣削方法加工往往难以避免拐角方向存在突变的问题,故提出一种螺旋刀轨生成算法,实现含凸边界孤岛型腔的快速铣削加工。首先在孤岛和型腔的加工轮廓上设置放样点,将放样点连接成放样线,线性插值放样线生成螺旋折线;接着插入以指数函数规律分布的控制顶点,并以其所定义的任意阶B样条曲线规划最终刀轨。所生成的刀轨能适应孤岛偏心的情况。实验结果显示,与传统环切相比,高阶连续的B样条曲线刀轨可直接用于具有NURBS插补功能的加工中心,孤岛轮廓的加工精度高,可有效避免刀轨方向突变,降低切削力的变化幅度,提高加工效率。     

Optimal interface surface determination for multi-axis freeform surface machining with both roughing and finishing

In the current practice of multi-axis machining of freeform surfaces, the interface surface between the roughing and finishing process is simply an offset surface of the nominal surface. While there have already been attempts at minimizing the machining time by considering the kinematic capacities of the machine tool and/or the physical constraints such as the cutting force, they all target independently at either the finishing or the roughing process alone and are based on the simple premise of an offset interface surface. Conceivably, since the total machining time should count that of both roughing and finishing process and both of them crucially depend on the interface surface, it is natural to ask if, under the same kinematic capacities and the same physical constraints, there is a nontrivial interface surface whose corresponding total machining time will be the minimum among all the possible (infinite) choices of interface surfaces, and this is the motivation behind the work of this paper. Specifically, with respect to the specific type of iso-planar milling for both roughing and finishing, we present a practical algorithm for determining such an optimal interface surface for an arbitrary freeform surface. While the algorithm is proposed for iso-planar milling, it can be easily adapted to other types of milling strategy such as contour milling. Both computer simulation and physical cutting experiments of the proposed method have convincingly demonstrated its advantages over the traditional simple offset method.     

Design and development of a five-axis machine tool with high accuracy,stiffness and efficiency for aero-engine casing manufacturing

In order to satisfy the machining requirements of aero-engine casing in modern aviation industry, this paper investigates three main issues during the design and development process of a five-axis machine tool with high accuracy, stiffness and efficiency, including whole structure design,key components design, and supporting stiffness design. First, an appropriate structure of five-axis machine tool is determined considering the processing characteristics of aero-engine casing. Then, a dual driv...     

涂层刀具低温铣削SiCp/Al复合材料表面质量研究

在加工过程中,相反的两相特性增加了 SiCp/Al复合材料加工难度,难以获得良好的表面质量.为了提高其切削性能,本文开展20vol％SiCp/Al复合材料铣削加工试验研究,比较常温和低温条件下TiAlN涂层和TiAlSiN涂层两种铣刀的切削性能.结果表明,在低温条件下,两种刀具的切削力增加,铣削后表面铝基体的开裂及剥落...     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.     

金刚石氮—空位色心惯性测量技术发展与展望

金刚石内嵌负电荷氮—空位(NV-)色心,因其结构性质稳定、常压室温下自旋弛豫时间长、易于操控和检测等特点,已广泛应用于磁场、电场、温度等物理量的测量.基于金刚石NV-色心的惯性测量技术是基于量子效应的原子自旋惯性测量领域的新兴方向之一.首先介绍了金刚石NV-色心的结构与性质,其次阐述了量子体系几何相的基本原理以及NV-...