Gender diversity in geo-spatial technology and applications disciplines uptake in developing Asian countries – A survey-based competency analysis

Geo-Spatial Technology and Applications (GSTA) contributes significantly to the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which seeks to ‘leave no one behind’. This study attempts to assess the gender diversity in enrolment in GSTA programmes in developing countries in Asia using data available with the UN-affiliated Regional Centre in India. A survey was also conducted to gauge trainees’ comfort in a complex multi-cultural, multi-linguistic classroom environment. The analysis shows that female participation in short-term courses has been increasing rather steeply over the years (1995–2019). The enrolment has reached 30% in recent years. It is also observed that the female participants have preferred (about 10%) to enrol in physical Science and Technology (ST) -oriented courses such as Remote Sensing and GIS, Satellite Meteorology and Climate Change, and Space and Atmospheric Sciences when compared to electrical Engineering and Technology-oriented Satellite Communications and Global Navigation Satellite Systems courses that would require a strong knowledge of digital signals and systems theory.The survey study with a participation of 150 trainees from 17 countries shows that women trainees have a slight edge by 9% over the male counterparts in learning ST elements of the courses. At sub-regional levels, it is observed that participants from Indian sub-continent countries (ISC) are better by 15% than participants from South-east Asian Countries (SAC) and Central Asian Countries (CAC). As far as the course structure perspective is concerned, there has been a significant difference with 70% of the ISC trainees have found the courses as well-balanced covering equally both technology and applications, while only 36% and 56% of the trainees from SAC and CAC, respectively, have found the course as balanced. Importantly, the survey has revealed that the participants from SAC and CAC have a big challenge in apprehending lectures in English, as reflected by their top scores at 18% and 17%, respectively, compared with the corresponding value of the ISC trainees being 72%. Recommendations are suggested to sustain the female enrolment in long-term GSTA training programmes. Strategies that create family-friendly learning conditions, including joint education programmes involving lead institutions of the participants’ countries, are proposed to facilitate higher female participation. Furthermore, measures such as standardisation of curricula regionally at undergraduate levels and having periodic meetings of trainers are recommended in order to minimise the trainees’ core competency gaps in GSTA disciplines at the regional level.     

运输类飞机飞行手册设计与开发

飞机飞行手册是经制造商开发并由适航当局批准的重要文件,它提供对某一特定机型飞机安全操作所必须的重要信息,包括使用限制、操作程序和性能信息。介绍了运输类飞机飞行手册设计与开发的主要内容。     

我国极轨气象卫星的发展

介绍了我国极轨气象卫星的现况。提出了由风云三号(FY-3)上午星、下午星和降水测量卫星组成的我国极轨气象卫星对地观测网构想,给出了三种卫星的主要仪器性能指标。讨论了多载荷综合观测,利用微波波段实现全天候探测,提高光谱分辨率,提高空间分辨率,提高仪器的灵敏度、定标精度,发展无线电(GPS)掩星探测,以及发展主动遥感等极轨气象卫星发展趋势。对我国极轨气象卫星的发展给出了气象卫星向对地综合观测发展、遥感探测技术向"四高两全一多"发展、探测方式向主动与被动结合方向发展、遥感应用向高精度定量化发展、发展专用卫星或小卫星阵列等建议。分析了转动部件与太阳阵耦合抑制、高指向精度高稳定度姿态控制、高数据率数据传输、颤振对高光谱成像质量的影响分析及减振、主动微波及可见、红外、紫外谱段高精度地面及在轨定标等实现我国极轨气象卫星发展的关键技术。     

Strategic Priority Program on Space Science

In 1957, the launch of the first artificial satellite ushered in a new era for modern space science.The past 50 years' developments in China's space science have witnessed many major missions, and substantial progress has been achieved in space science study, exploration technology as well as experiment technology. Strategic Priority Program on Space Science was officially started in 2011. Through both self-developed space science missions and those with international cooperation,it is expected that the innovative breakthroughs will be realized, leapfrog development of related high-tech will be achieved to establish the important strategic status of space science in national development. To sum up, the implementation of the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science will definitely promote the rapid development of China's space science endeavor, making contributions to China's development and the progress of human civilization.      

空间伸展臂的技术现状与难点

空间伸展臂是一类最基本的空间可展开结构,是大型复杂空间结构的基础,对迅速发展的空间活动有着十分重要的研究意义。文章总结并介绍了不同结构形式空间伸展臂的研究与应用情况,根据各方面性能进行了较为全面的对比分析,并从力学、材料、空间环境影响、振动控制几方面深入分析了空间伸展臂设计和应用的技术难点,初步探讨了空间伸展臂的发展方向,从而为空间伸展臂的设计、选型和分析提供必要的支持。     

卫星研制中的接口数据管理

在卫星研制工作中可采用11种接口数据单加强设备的接口数据管理工作。它们是:机械特性,设备示意图,热特性,热特性示意图,电源功率,接口电特性,电气方块图,接插件表,接插件接点分配表,遥测表,遥控指令表。它们包含了可以全面反映设备接口特性的各项数据。使用它们可以进行严格的状态管理并保证接口数据协调工作的质量。文内介绍了这些数据单的具体内容以及使用中的问题。     

展望21世纪中国空间技术

中国发展空间技术的目的是为国民经济建设服务。到下世纪初的目标是逐步建成几个急需的、长期稳定运行的应用卫星系统：通信广播,环境资源勘测,减灾,微重力资源,小卫星等;优先发展卫星的有效载荷技术和公用平台技术,加强卫星应用研究,重视预研和基础技术开发,加深国际交流和合作;中国也将在载人航天和深空探测领域进行探索和研究。     

国外星载雷达高度计的发展和展望

70年代以来,星载雷达高度计在世界范围内得到了迅速的发展。文章讨论了星载雷达高度计的原理和特点,并且介绍了星载雷达高度计的重要意义、发展历史和背景以及它的发展状况。最后展望了星载雷达高度计的发展趋势。     

中国卫星电视教育的崛起和发展趋势

对中国开展广播电视教育的历史进行了回顾,较详细的叙述了卫星电视教育的崛起。在总结经验的基础上,又突出论述了今后要努力提高效益和精心制作电视教育节目两个关键性问题。文中根据资料引入了大量数据佐证文章的论点。     

卫星遥感技术在农业上的应用与发展

扼要介绍了遥感技术在我国农业领域内的重大应用成果和社会、经济、生态效益。指出了在我国特定的社会经济、自然条件下,只有合理地运用航天或航空的遥感技术才能完成对我国农业资源的调查、监测和区划工作,以及大范围的资源环境管理工作。体现了我国在遥感技术引进、吸收、消化和应用的迅速发展过程,阐述了遥感技术应用于我国农业领域的复杂性和困难性。并提出了目前建立多层次农业资源监测系统的任务和中近期的发展设想。