Investigation of dual ignition for a detonation-driven shock tunnel in forward driving mode

A detonation-driven shock tunnel is useful as a ground test facility for hypersonic flow research. The forward detonation driving mode is usually used to achieve high-enthalpy flows due to its strong driving capability. Unfortunately, the strong detonation wave front results in diaphragm fragments that disturb the test flow and scratch the nozzle or test models. In this study, a dual ignition system was developed to burst a metal diaphragm without fragmentation in the forward driving mode. A series of experiments were conducted to validate the proposed technique. The influences of the delay time setting on the test conditions were investigated in detail. Numerical simulations were also conducted to obtain a better understanding of the wave processes in the shock tube. The results showed that the dual ignition system solved the diaphragm issues in the forward driving mode. The test time was shortened due to the additional ignition close to the primary diaphragm; the smaller the delay time, the shorter the effective test time. However, a small amount of time loss is considered worthwhile because the severe diaphragm problems have been solved.     

Introduction of fretting-contact-induced crack closure: Numerical simulation of crack initiation and growth path in disk/blade attachment

Fretting fatigue crack initiation and growth in titanium alloy dovetail assembly was investigated by the Finite Element Method(FEM). Firstly, contact stress was calculated precisely with an elastic–plastic material model. Secondly, the location and angle of crack initiation were determined by the parameter of the maximum shear stress range on the critical plane, and the angle of crack growth was predicted by the Maximum Tangential Stress(MTS) criterion, which showed agreement with experimental observation. Finally, the fretting-contact-induced crack closure behavior was simulated by the node release technique in software ABAQUS with both elastic and elastic–plastic material models. The simulation shows that the variation of the contact status between fretting surfaces will result in crack closure even for the elastic material model. The fretting crack closure ratio decreases as the crack grows out of the contact area and it has great impact on the effective range of Stress Intensity Factor(SIF) as well as the crack growth rate.     

一种基于修正Hough变换的航迹起始算法

为了在重杂波区内检测出运动的目标,提出了一种修正的Hough变换算法用于初始航迹的建立。与传统的算法相比,修正算法充分利用目标的运动学信息,选取了更为合适的变换参量,仅利用较少拍数的量测就可以完成起始,能够在检测概率较高的环境下具有良好的起始性能。计算机仿真结果表明,算法能够克服传统算法的多拍扫描,大大缩短实际的计算量和起始时间,实现对航迹起始的在线改进。     

裂纹萌生寿命预腐蚀影响规律

对不同预腐蚀时间的裂纹萌生寿命进行统计分析,并选取了4种函数形式对（CT）数据进行拟合对比分析。结果表明,指定裂纹尺寸的裂纹萌生寿命随腐蚀时间的增加而降低,在工程常用的时间范嗣内,若假定裂纹萌生寿命服从对数正态分布,指定裂纹尺寸的对数裂纹萌生寿命标准差与预腐蚀时间基本无关,单参数指数函数形式拟合的不同裂纹尺寸的C-T曲...     

基于材料微观特性的涡轮盘疲劳裂纹萌生寿命数值仿真

 为了研究材料微观特性对结构疲劳寿命的影响,根据Tanaka-Mura疲劳裂纹萌生寿命计算理论,模拟某镍基粉末合金涡轮盘喉道表面疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。利用泰森多边形生成法,模拟微观多晶结构,建立宏-细观模型相结合的三维仿真模型。实现3项关键技术:1)在三维模型中模拟了面心立方晶体中{111}面族的12条主滑移系;2)应用缺口根部裂纹萌生的Tanaka-Mura理论模型模拟一条微裂纹在另一条裂纹尖端萌生;3)模拟了微裂纹的起裂、扩展与联合过程,最终形成一条宏观裂纹。对某表面带刀痕涡轮盘疲劳裂纹萌生寿命数值仿真结果与真盘试验结果相差20%。研究表明,减小晶粒尺寸、降低表面粗糙度、形成表面压缩残余应变以及析出沉淀颗粒都有利于提高涡轮盘的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。     

横向射流起爆爆震波数值研究

采用CFD软件对横向喷射的射流在预先充满丙烷/空气恰当比混合物的爆震室中起爆爆震波的过程和机理进行了数值模拟,并讨论了射流的压力、速度以及温度对爆震波起爆特性的影响.结果表明,对于计算的物理模型,爆震射流不能在爆震室中直接起爆爆震波;射流与壁面的碰撞形成激波反射,激波反射产生的横渡、热点和局部爆震引发起爆;能够成功起爆爆震波的横向射流存在最小的射流压力,该射流压力为0.9MPa;较小的射流压力、较小的射流速度或较低的射流温度都不利于横向射流在爆震室中起爆爆震波.     

不同形式扩张喷管对两级PDE性能的影响

为了研究不同形式扩张喷管对两级脉冲爆震发动机性能的影响,以氢气和氧气混合物为例,对安装不同扩张角、长度和扩张曲线的扩张喷管的两级脉冲爆震发动机工作过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,具有较大扩张角的喷管其推力增益较大;当扩张面积比一定,喷管长度不能太长和太短,否则喷管增推性能会下降;不同扩张曲线喷管对两级爆震发动机性能有较大影响,在扩张面积一定,长度一定的条件下,采用曲率较大的钟形型线的喷管时,凹面腔获得的冲量最大,喷管获得的冲量也最大.     

间接起爆对脉冲爆震发动机热效率影响

建立了基于整个燃烧室内经历不同燃烧方式下所有工质来评估脉冲爆发动机平均循环热效率的方法,通过二维数值方法对两种采用不同数目障碍物的爆震管模型的起爆特性及循环热效率进行了研究,并分析了燃烧波传播的距离与DDT距离之比（定义为ξ）对模型热效率的影响.结果表明:①间接起爆方式及不同DDT强化装置都会影响系统的循环热效率;②就计算模型,当ξ接近1时,其系统平均循环热效率仅为理想爆震循环热效率的60%左右;③随着ξ的增加,间接起爆方式的影响迅速减弱;④当ξ为1.5时,系统平均循环热效率可达爆震燃烧热效率的93%.      

无先验信息的低轨空间目标航迹起始方法

针对光学观测中缺乏预报信息的低轨道空间目标自动识别捕获问题,提出一种基于修正Hough变换的空间目标航迹起始方法,从而实现空间目标的自动识别。首先利用背景恒星运动规律对观测数据进行预处理,剔除大部分背景恒星。再利用观测数据的时序信息、定向参数进行Hough变换。本方法并没有采用传统的Hough变换对所有参数空间中的数据点进行投票,而是仅对参数空间中部分点投票,可以大幅减少运算量和存储量。试验表明:该方法能够有效地抑制背景恒星产生的虚假航迹,并快速准确地完成无先验信息的低轨道空间目标的航迹起始;可以在光学观测中实现空间目标的自动识别捕获,以及实时发现新目标,这为低轨道空间目标光学观测的无人值守和联网观测奠定了技术基础。     

三阶段疲劳全寿命估算模型

 本文给出了小裂纹范围的完整定义,并根据此定义提出了“三阶段疲劳全寿命估算模型”,即全寿命由裂纹形成寿命、小裂纹扩展寿命和大裂纹扩展寿命所组成。用此模型估算得到的寿命与实验结果符合很好。