民用航空涡轮发动机持久试验条款发展历程

全面回顾了航空发动机适航规章CCAR-33R2第33.87条持久试验的演变历程,在解读适航规章条款要求的基础上,深入跟踪了当前国际上针对33.87条持久试验的研究动态。跟踪研究发现,自1957年规定了6 h×25阶段的150 h试验谱以来,涡轮发动机持久试验的主体要求基本保持不变,而涡轮发动机设计则出现了显著的发展。发动机设计技术的进步带来了与适航规章要求不协调的问题,针对该问题当前国际上已开展了150 h持久试验替代试验的探索性研究及应用,虽然现阶段还存在一系列问题有待澄清和解决,但相关研究为我国民用航空发动机适航符合性方法及适航标准制定与修订提供了参考和借鉴。持续深入跟踪国内外适航技术动态,及时采取积极的应对策略,并开展有针对性的条款研究工作,对于提升我国适航技术规章的编制和修订能力具有十分重要的意义。      

航空发动机薄壁W形封严环动模外压成形

液压成形是复杂薄壁零件制造的一种有效方法。针对某航空发动机的薄壁高温合金W形封严环构件,提出动模外压成形方法,并建立了有限元模型。基于数值模拟和工艺实验,分析了不同成形阶段的变形规律和压缩失稳的控制机理,在此基础上研究了毛坯成形区高度和型腔液压加载路径等关键工艺参数对零件成形结果的影响,探讨了成形过程中环向失稳起皱、型面不对称、材料堆叠等失效形式,提出了优化的参数。结果表明,提出的工艺方法可实现W形封严环的整体精确成形,采用优化的毛坯成形区高度和液压加载路径可获得成形精度较高、表面平滑无褶皱的试件。     

某型火箭发动机起动过程实时故障检测算法研究

以某型火箭发动机为研究对象,针对其起动工作过程,利用Matlab和LabWin-dows/CVI等编程语言,结合神经网络理论,开发了其起动工作过程的实时故障检测算法。使用了多次试车数据进行离线检验,结果证明该算法能够及时、有效地检测出该型火箭发动机起动过程的已有故障,并能够满足实时性的要求,没有出现误报警和漏报警。     

大长细比小型固体发动机后点火试验研究

阐述了小型固体火箭发动机点火性能参数与影响因素．介绍了大长细比长尾喷管小型固体火箭发动机后点火的设计思路和试验情况．并对后点火试验研究进行了总结。     

非对称配气凸轮实测升程数据的优化拟合

已有的配气凸轮实测升程数据的优化拟合研究基本上都是针对对称型配气凸轮展开的。本文采用最小二乘法和浮动正交网格法对非对称型配气凸轮的实测升程数据进行了优化数学似合。考虑到高速内燃机的凸轮大多采用具有等加速－等速特征的缓冲段和高阶导数连续特征的工作段型式,用等加速－等速函数拟合缓冲段实测升程数据,用整体式高次多项式函数拟合工作段实测升程数据。对优化拟合的数学基础和非对称型配气凸轮的特征进行了介绍,并针     

航空发动机外部管路多Agent协同设计系统框架

通过分析航空发动机外部管路设计过程,建立支持外部管路设计的多Agent协同设计系统框架。该系统框架采用包含设计层、服务层和资源层的分层结构,每一层分别用不同类型的Agent完成其功能。然后讨论了在此框架下的管路设计流程。该系统框架不仅适用于航空发动机外部管路设计,对类似的复杂设计系统也提供有益的思路。      

Investigation of dual ignition for a detonation-driven shock tunnel in forward driving mode

A detonation-driven shock tunnel is useful as a ground test facility for hypersonic flow research. The forward detonation driving mode is usually used to achieve high-enthalpy flows due to its strong driving capability. Unfortunately, the strong detonation wave front results in diaphragm fragments that disturb the test flow and scratch the nozzle or test models. In this study, a dual ignition system was developed to burst a metal diaphragm without fragmentation in the forward driving mode. A series of experiments were conducted to validate the proposed technique. The influences of the delay time setting on the test conditions were investigated in detail. Numerical simulations were also conducted to obtain a better understanding of the wave processes in the shock tube. The results showed that the dual ignition system solved the diaphragm issues in the forward driving mode. The test time was shortened due to the additional ignition close to the primary diaphragm; the smaller the delay time, the shorter the effective test time. However, a small amount of time loss is considered worthwhile because the severe diaphragm problems have been solved.     

全转速系数矩阵降维重构的燃机不平衡量逆推方法

整机动平衡可大幅提高燃气涡轮发动机动平衡效率，但由于全转速范围内整机系统动力特性复杂，且结构的特殊性仅能够在机匣外表面测振，传统动平衡方法难以实现整机动平衡。为此，考虑全转速区间整机系统结构振动特性及分布式不平衡量的影响，通过仿真或试验获得全转速范围内各测点振动响应与各叶盘不平衡量间的响应系数矩阵，建立等效不平衡量逆推方程组。依据不平衡位置-转速-测点振动间的敏感性关系对全转速系数矩阵进行降维重构，获得优选配平位置、测点及转速的重构方程组，求得转子配平位置的等效不平衡量。典型双转子燃气涡轮发动机整机系统数值仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。研究结果对实现燃气涡轮发动机整机动平衡具有一定的参考应用价值。     

固体火箭发动机成本与性能双目标优化设计

为求解某运载火箭上面级固体推进剂火箭发动机多属性价值优化问题,建立了发动机主要部件的参数成本模型,研究了一种改进的Pareto多目标遗传算法--IPGA算法,测试函数的计算结果表明,该算法收敛性优于NSGA-Ⅱ算法.以运载火箭末速度增量最大和发动机制造成本最低作为目标函数,采用IPGA计算得到了壳体材料分别为APMOC和碳纤维时的Pareto非劣解集,采用理想点法得到非劣解集中费效比变化的拐点,计算结果表明,以该点为满意解设计方案可以使该运载火箭的有效载荷提高7.6%,并使发动机的成本降低.     

Adaptive modification of turbofan engine nonlinear model based on LSTM neural networks and hybrid optimization method

An accurate and reliable turbofan engine model which can describe its dynamic behavior within the full flight envelop and lifecycle plays a critical role in performance optimization, controller design and fault diagnosis. However, due to the performance differences caused by the tolerance of engine manufacturing and assembly, and performance degradation during continuously stringent environmental regulations, the model accuracy is severely reduced. In this paper, an adaptive modification method of turbofan engine nonlinear Component-Llevel Model (CLM) based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network (NN) and hybrid optimization algorithm is pro-posed. First, a dynamic compensator with a combined LSTM NN architecture is constructed to compensate for the initial error between the experimental data and CLM of a turbofan engine under health condition. Then, a sensitivity analysis approach based on the entropy coefficient and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution integrated evaluation is developed to choose the unmeasurable health parameters to be adjusted. Finally, a parallel hybrid optimization algorithm is developed to complete the adaptive model modification when the performance degrades. The proposed method is verified on a military low-bypass twin-spool turbofan engine, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.