Experimental method for and defect tolerance of fixed plate theoretical research on based on damage mechanics

An experimental method and a theoretical analysis based on continuum damage mechan- ics are applied for the defects tolerance of fixed plate. The defects type studied in this article is scratch, which is considered a typical defect on fixed plate according to the engineering practice. The general approach to the defects tolerance analysis of scratched fixed plate is presented. The method of fatigue life prediction for standard notched specimens has been established on the basis of continuum damage mechanics. For the purpose of obtaining the influence law of fatigue life in consequence of scratches, fatigue experiments of standard notched specimens and scratched specimens have been done. Evalu- ation of the fatigue life of scratched fixed plate has been carried out. And the value of scratch defects permissible to the condition of safety service life has been worked out. According to the results of the- oretical calculations, the fatigue experiment of scratched fixed plate has been performed. The outcome shows that the theoretical prediction tallies with the experimental results.     

Comparison of Polar and Equatorial Coronal Holes Observed by UVCS/SOHO: Geometry and Physical Properties

We analyzed UVCS/SOHO data and compared the H I Lyα (121.6 nm) and O VI (103.2 nm, 103.7 nm) emission in the polar and equatorial coronal holes. We found that the emission lines have similar characteristics in these two types of coronal holes. Both types show evidence for superradially diverging boundaries. The latitudinal distribution of the O VI line ratio may indicate that the equatorial coronal hole has O⁺⁵ outflow velocities lower than in the polar coronal holes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

UVCS/SOHO Observations of H I Lyman Alpha Line Profiles in Coronal Holes at Heliocentric Heights Above 3.0 R⊙

The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has been used to measure spectral line profiles for H I Lyα in the south polar coronal hole at projected heliocentric heights from 3.5 to 6.0 R_⊙ during 1998 January 5–11. Observations from 1.5 to 2.5 R_⊙ were made for comparison. The H I Lyα profile is the only one observable with UVCS above 3.5 R_⊙ in coronal holes. Within this region the outflowing coronal plasma becomes nearly collisionless and the ionization balance is believed to become frozen. In this paper, the 1/e half widths of the coronal velocity distributions are provided for the observed heights. The velocity distributions include all motions contributing to the velocities along the line of sight (LOS). The observations have been corrected for instrumental effects and interplanetary H I Lyα. The half widths were found to increase with projected heliographic height from 1.5 to 2.5 R_⊙ and decrease with height from 3.5 to 5 R_⊙. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

计算机辅助计量孔组位置度

 <正> 一、前言 孔组位置度的计量,在没有专用量具的情况下,以通用量具计量的方法已有过不少讨论。而以计算机辅助计量的探讨,还是个新课题。本文利用计算机辅助数据处理,研究了6孔孔组位置度的计量方法。以孔位坐标、孔间距离及相邻两孔间的弧所对的中心角来建立判别式,作为计算机程序的数学模式,将各孔位坐标的计量数据键入计算机,即可得到结果。本文举例进行了验证。     

层板双孔过盈配合问题

 复合材料结构广泛采用机械连接。由于孔轴配合中存在间隙,影响多孔连接的内力分配和接头强度。螺栓连接的过盈配合和铆钉连接都能消除间隙,但这样就造成孔轴相互挤压,因而引起应力,并可能造成局部损伤。本文探讨层板双孔过盈配合引起的应力,及讨论过盈配合应用的可能性。     

平行孔系中心距公差坐标换算

通过对平面尺寸链分析，应用马克劳林公式作近似计算和全微分近似全增量方法，导出了孔距公差坐标换算公式．最后通过实例对其换算结果进行了验证．完全符合设计要求。公式简明、实用、易掌握。可供设计、工艺和操作人员在相应的平行孔系中心距公差坐标计算中采用。具有一定的实际应用价值。     

X-rays from the first massive black holes

X-ray studies of high-redshift (z > 4) active galaxies have advanced substantially over the past few years, largely due to results from the new generation of X-ray observatories. As of this writing X-ray emission has been detected from nearly 60 high-redshift active galaxies. This paper reviews the observational results and their implications for models of the first massive black holes, and it discusses future prospects for the field.     

气膜孔结构对涡轮导叶端壁冷却效率的影响研究

对涡轮叶栅端壁上游4种气膜冷却结构模型进行了数值模拟,得出在不同吹风比情况下涡轮叶栅端壁的流动与换热特性。结果表明,无槽气膜孔冷气射流在孔下游与主流相互作用形成1对转动方向相反的耦合涡,主流被卷入耦合涡并冲击到了端壁,使得孔间壁温接近主流温度,气膜冷却效率很低;带槽气膜孔抑制了耦合涡的形成,冷却了孔间端壁,气膜冷却效率较高,而且,随着槽深度的增加,冷气的展向(Y向)宽度逐渐增加,扩大了冷气覆盖区域,提高了端壁气膜冷却效率。     

Studies of strong gravitational fields near super-massive black hole horizons with space missions

General relativity (GR) can be probed by several tests in the weak gravitational field limit. On the contrary, very poor information exists about GR tests in strong gravitational fields. Here, we focus on the interaction of light rays with the strong gravitational field of a massive black hole and show that relativistic images may form. Hence, we calculate the shapes of shadows (mirages) forming just near BH horizons and discuss the possibility to estimate the black hole parameters (mass, spin and charge) by future astrometric missions. In 2007, the Radioastron space telescope will be launched and it will allow to evaluate those parameters for the black hole hosted at the center of our Galaxy.     

基于模糊预测的飞机故障预测系统研究

使用Delphi语言开发了一个飞机故障模糊预测系统,建立了飞机故障模糊预测模型。介绍了系统的总体结构和各模块功能,阐述了飞机故障预测系统知识库的推理过程。