典型缺口件疲劳寿命分析方法

通过对典型缺口件疲劳寿命分析方法进行系统的回顾,按照疲劳缺口效应描述参数的不同将缺口件疲劳分析方法划分为3类:局部应力应变法、应力梯度法和临界域法.结合4种不同缺口几何下的LY12CZ铝合金缺口件的低周疲劳试验数据,对上述3类方法进行的验证对比可以发现:考虑了应力梯度和应力场分布的方法(如临界域法和应力梯度法)对缺口件疲劳寿命的预测结果与试验结果吻合较好而局部应力应变法预测精度较差,其中应力场强法还能够正确地预测疲劳破坏位置.      

一种基于超导的重力梯度敏感结构分析

 为了构建小型化全张量重力梯度测量系统,提出一种轴向分量与交叉分量同时敏感的基于超导的重力梯度敏感结构。基于螺旋理论分析两分量敏感结构的自由度,利用自由空间的运动螺旋系与互逆原理得到约束螺旋系,进一步得到具有冗余约束的对称约束构型,并选择柔性元件构建并联机构形式的两分量敏感结构,利用柔性虎克铰的横向与竖向柔性铰链实现等效球铰的功能。然后分析转臂质量沿轴移动与绕轴转动时柔性元件的变形,根据几何关系与功能定理得出两分量敏感结构的沿轴移动刚度与绕轴转动刚度。通过实际参数的计算,明确了各参数对结构刚度的影响,仿真结果验证了分析过程的准确性。     

Capacity building in space law and space policy

A high level of expertise in space policy and law is required to initiate and keep pace with the expansion of space activities, including those undertaken by the private space industry. Space activities generally refer to those undertakings that are carried out with the use of several technologies for the exploration and utilization of outer space often for scientific, military, economic and social proposes within international and national policy and regulatory frameworks. Space policies and legal regimes determine the scope, nature, pace, possibility and development of space undertakings. Therefore, appropriate space policies and regulatory regimes, both at the international and national levels, are indispensable for the initiation, operation and enhancement of space activities. There are various regulatory models and approaches for regulating space activities, and for building capacity in space law and space policy. It is imperative to have the appropriate human resources and capabilities in the development and implementation of space policies and space legal regimes. This crucial requirement has been well recognized in the more advanced space-faring nations, but not to the same level in other space-faring or space-aspiring nations.     

一种快速稳定的非双曲线型非线性时间序列去噪算法

非双曲线型非线性系统同宿切面点和同宿横截点的存在,使得其时间序列的去噪或轨迹重影变得十分困难。在充分挖掘非线性系统本身特性的基础上,结合Gradient Descent算法的稳定性和Newton-Raphson算法的快速收敛性,提出了一种快速稳定的非双曲线型非线性时间序列去噪新算法,在机器精度内实现了非双曲线型非线性时间序列的去噪。该方法首先计算受扰序列的局部稳定流形和不稳定流形方向,进而确定同宿切面点存在的位置,很大程度上降低了同宿切面对算法性能的影响。不同于现有文献忽视同宿横截点对算法性能影响的做法,研究得出了同宿横截点间的最小距离和干扰噪声均方差二者间的关系,首次定量地估计了同宿横截点可能对算法造成的影响,这无疑对其他算法也将是一个有益的启示。     

深空组阵Eigen算法及其低信噪比合成性能分析

根据深空组阵信号模型,分析了Eigen最优合成采用的两种准则即最大输出功率和最大 信噪比准则。为了快速计算最优权值,给出了两种迭代算法即PM和PMFM算法,同时为了改善 微弱信号合成效果,在PMFM算法中引入记忆因子,提出一种可以自适应跟踪信号相位变化的 自适应Eigen算法。仿真分析了基于最大输出功率准则的Eigen合成算法和自适应Eigen算法 对低信噪比组阵接收信号的合成性能,仿真结果表明自适应Eigen算法不但具有良好的合成 效果和自适应特性而且运算量小,具有重要的工程应用价值。
     

深空通信中提示否定确认型CFDP协议延时估算

为确定空间数据咨询委员会（CCSDS）建议高级在轨系统中CCSDS文件传输协议（CFDP）在深空通信环境中的适应性,研究了CFDP中提示否定确认型文件传输协议（Prompt NAK CFDP）的传输机理。给出了此传输方式的文件传输时延估算方法。分析了误码率、传输速率、协议数据单元的大小与数量,以及提示信息数等对传输时延的影响,获得了深空通信对误码率的要求。研究表明：CFDP可用于深空通信,为其进一步应用和改进提供了参考。     

深空探测器小天体交会段自主导航方法研究

针对深空探测任务中,与小行星交会段的自主导航问题,首先建立探测器在交会段的轨道动力学模型,并提出了2种导航观测方案:1)利用目标天体图像作为观测量;2)利用目标天体视线方向和目标天体夹角作为观测量.然后结合动力学模型和观测模型推导了2种导航方法的滤波算法公式.最后通过蒙特卡罗数值仿真分析方法,估算了2种导航方法的误差值,结果表明误差值在可接受精度范围内,验证了2种自主导航方法是可行的.     

Impact of the orbital eccentricity on the attitude performance before and after the deorbiting phase for Alsat-1

Due to the presence of periodic forcing terms in the gravity gradient torque, orbit eccentricity may produce large response for the roll, yaw and pitch angles. This paper investigates the influence of the orbit eccentricity on the performance of the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) pointing of passive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites stabilized by a gravity gradient boom or having long appendages before and after the deorbiting operation. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics are modeled by introducing the orbit eccentricity in the equations of motion of a LEO satellite in order to provide the best scenario in which satellite operators can keep the nominal functionality of LEO satellites with a gravity gradient boom after the deorbiting operation. Second, a Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed when the orbit eccentricity is considered in order to determine the influence of this disturbance on the convergence and stability of the filter. The simulations in this work are based on the true parameters of Alsat-1 which is a typical LEO satellite stabilized by a gravity gradient boom. The results show that the orbit eccentricity has a big influence on the pointing system accuracy causing micro-vibrations that affect the geocentric pointing particularly after the deorbiting phase. In this case, satellites have no orbital correction option. The Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter analyzed in this paper, achieved satisfactory results for eccentricity values less than 0.4 with respect to pointing system accuracy. However, singularities were observed for eccentricity values greater than 0.4.     

流体的压强梯度是决定升力的重要因素

认为经典升力理论遗漏了一个决定升力的重要因素：流体的压强梯度。指出：地球上的流体都具有压强梯度,这是由地球引力引起的流体的一种不均匀性,这种不均匀性会在流体的运动中表现出来。运用“升腾效应”和“擅升效应”解释了一些与升力有关的现象,特别是解释了机翼的展弦比、机翼的厚度、雷诺数等对升力的影响,并设计了几个检验这两个效应的试验方法。     

基于数字虚拟飞行的民机复飞爬升梯度评估

飞机的爬升梯度反映了其越过地面障碍达到安全高度的能力,为保障民机复飞时的飞行安全,适航条款规定复飞爬升梯度应满足一定的数值要求。根据适航条款对民机复飞程序和复飞爬升梯度的规定,提出了一种基于数字虚拟飞行的复飞爬升梯度适航符合性评估方法。基于适航条款规定和驾驶员操纵特点,建立了复飞任务的数字化模型和驾驶员操纵模型,进而以中国某型涡喷支线客机为对象建立飞行动力学模型,构成了可进行复飞爬升任务仿真的数字虚拟飞行仿真系统。通过仿真计算完成了对着陆爬升和进场爬升的爬升梯度评估,并与真实试飞结果对比,评估相对误差在10%以内,验证了本文方法的适用性和准确性。本文方法可应用于民机的概念方案设计,为保证飞机复飞爬升性能的适航符合性和最大着陆重量的确定等提供支持。