经济全球化下福利国家制度面临的挑战

福利国家制度是资本主义发展到一定阶段的产物,在很长一段时间里它很好地承担了社会保护的功能,并且成功地保证了福利国家的社会进步和经济发展。但是,当前经济全球化与传统的福利国家制度产生了矛盾与冲突,福利国家制度在政治上、经济上以及这种制度的理论基础上面临着严峻的挑战。文章重在分析经济全球化对福利国家制度的挑战,同时对导致福利国家制度处于困境的其他原因如老龄化、去工业化也进行了探讨。     

Regression model for civil aero-engine gas path parameter deviation based on deep domain-adaptation with Res-BP neural network

The variations in gas path parameter deviations can fully reflect the healthy state of aero-engine gas path components and units; therefore, airlines usually take them as key parameters for monitoring the aero-engine gas path performance state and conducting fault diagnosis. In the past, the airlines could not obtain deviations autonomously. At present, a data-driven method based on an aero-engine dataset with a large sample size can be utilized to obtain the deviations. However, it is still difficult to utilize aero-engine datasets with small sample sizes to establish regression models for deviations based on deep neural networks. To obtain monitoring autonomy of each aero-engine model, it is crucial to transfer and reuse the relevant knowledge of deviation modelling learned from different aero-engine models. This paper adopts the Residual-Back Propagation Neural Network (Res-BPNN) to deeply extract high-level features and stacks multi-layer Multi-Kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MK-MMD) adaptation layers to map the extracted high-level features to the Reproduce Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) for discrepancy measurement. To further reduce the distribution discrepancy of each aero-engine model, the method of maximizing domain-confusion loss based on an adversarial mechanism is introduced to make the features learned from different domains as close as possible, and then the learned features can be confused. Through the above methods, domain-invariant features can be extracted, and the optimal adaptation effect can be achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using cruise data from different civil aero-engine models and compared with other transfer learning algorithms.     

深空导航相位参考干涉测量技术研究

针对深空导航不断提高的测角精度需求和传统无线电干涉测量技术所面临的局限,介绍了相位参考干涉技术用于深空导航的优势,重点分析了该技术的基本原理和两个关键观测参数的影响,综述了该技术在国外的研究进展情况,最后介绍了我国开展该技术研究的软硬件基础和利用嫦娥三号任务数据开展的相位参考干涉测量试验情况,试验结果表明了基于我国深空测控资源开展该技术研究的可行性和高精度,有助于推动该技术转向实际工程应用,提高我国深空导航无线电干涉测量水平。     

X-ray spectroscopy and variability of AGN detected in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North Survey

We investigate the nature of the faint X-ray source population through X-ray spectroscopy and variability analyses of 136 active galactic nuclei (AGN) detected in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North Survey with >200 background-subtracted 0.5–8.0 keV counts [F_{0.5–8.0 keV} = (1.4−200) × 10⁻¹⁵ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹]. Our preliminary spectral analyses yield median spectral parameters of Γ = 1.61 and intrinsic N_H = 6.2 × 10²¹ cm⁻² (z = 1 assumed when no redshift available) when the AGN spectra are fitted with a simple absorbed power-law model. However, considerable spectral complexity is apparent (e.g., reflection, partial covering) and must be taken into account to model the data accurately. Moreover, the choice of spectral model (i.e., free vs. fixed photon index) has a pronounced effect on the derived JVH distribution and, to a lesser extent, the X-ray luminosity distribution. We also find that among the 136 AGN, 10 (≈7%) show significant Fe K emission-line features with equivalent widths in the range 0.1–1.3 keV. Two of these emission-line AGN could potentially be Compton thick (i.e., Γ < 1.0 and large Fe K equivalent width). Finally, we find that 81 (≈60%) of the 136 AGN show signs of variability, and that this fraction increases significantly (≈80–90%) when better photon statistics are available.     

深空通信中利用GEO卫星的双跳下行链路特性研究

利用现有的地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星资源,构建深空通信中深空探测器到GEO卫星、再到地面站的双跳链路系统。在自由空间链路段载波宜采用较高频率以获得链路增益;在GEO卫星到地面站链路段宜采用10GHz左右的卫星通信窗口以规避大气的相关影响。与传统一跳链路相比,双跳链路系统可以获得更大的信噪比和信道容量,以及更小的误码率。采用现有的GEO地面天线完全能够满足深空通信的要求,提高了系统的可靠性。     

LY12-CZ铝合金预腐蚀及疲劳损伤研究

对实验室环境下LY12-CZ铝合金进行了预腐蚀及疲劳寿命与剩余强度的预测研究。在不同的温度及不同的腐蚀天数条件下,对试验件进行预腐蚀,按ASTMG34-1标准人工产生腐蚀坑,获得了腐蚀损伤数据,随后进行疲劳试验,初步建立了腐蚀损伤与疲劳寿命降低之间的关系。在试验研究基础上,用AFGROW软件模拟腐蚀损伤及腐蚀坑深度的不同对试件疲劳寿命和剩余强度产生的影响,建立了预测含腐蚀损伤试件的疲劳寿命与剩余强度的有效的工程方法。     

欧空局深空网的现状和发展趋势

随着深空任务的发展 ,欧空局 (ESA)正在建设自己的全球深空网。该网主要由欧洲航天操作中心和三个深空地面站组成 ,其中位于澳大利亚珀斯附近的新诺舍 35m深空站已投入使用 ,位于西班牙马德里附近的塞布里洛斯深空站将于 2 0 0 5年初建成。欧空局正为在经度相隔 12 0°左右的地方建设第三个深空地面站选点。三个站的性能指标基本相同。本文介绍了欧洲航天操作中心和新诺舍 35m深空站的组成、功能及技术指标     

基于红外视觉/激光雷达融合的目标识别与定位方法

近年来,基于可见光图像的目标识别在无人车感知领域得到了广泛应用.然而,可见光图像目标识别无法应用于弱光和黑暗环境.针对于此,提出了一种基于红外视觉/激光雷达融合的目标识别与定位算法.首先,通过基于颜色迁移的数据增强训练方法,提高了红外目标识别算法的泛化性能.继而,提出了一种基于激光雷达修正的单目深度估计方法,通过视觉图...     

基于离子电推进系统的航天器有效载荷能力分析

为预估与提高航天器有效载荷能力,结合航天运输系统理论与离子推力器放电模型,对深空探测任务中以离子电推进系统为主要动力来源的航天器有效载荷能力进行了分析。通过理论推导,构建并揭示了有效载荷分数与深空探测任务参数和电推进系统性能参数的函数关系与潜在联系。结果表明:动力装置单位质量越小,航天器所能达到的最佳有效载荷分数越大;有效载荷分数的高低与离子引出份额、原初电子利用率参数的大小以及任务时间的长短呈正相关;当离子电推进系统可以达到更高的载荷比时,则需要更高的工质利用率作为支持。     

低密度气凝胶复合材料的火星环境适应性研究

针对航天器的使用要求,研制了密度≤30 kg/m~3轻质高效的二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料。针对深空探测的应用环境,对低密度气凝胶复合材料在不同条件下的热导率、热循环、热真空和电离总剂量等环境试验进行测试。结果表明,低密度气凝胶复合材料服役温度可达到-145～85℃,在1 kPa CO_2气氛下热导率可达到6.6 mW/(m·K)。获得了不同气氛和不同温度条件下以及同种气氛、不同压力条件下低密度气凝胶复合材料的热导率变化规律,并测试批次性材料热导率,结果表明批次热导率稳定性良好。热循环、热真空和电离辐照试验前后热导率和尺寸收缩率均未变化,表明低密度气凝胶复合材料在深空环境下保持良好的结构和稳定的隔热性能。