面向深空探测应用的集成一体化载荷数管技术

深空探测对探测器有效载荷电子学及数管的轻小型化和自主能力提出了更高要求.将各载荷电子学与传统的载荷数管集成一体化设计,构建新型高度集成的载荷数管体系结构,可以实现资源集约利用,提高信息融合能力,利于实施自主管理.本文介绍了嫦娥系列探测器载荷电子学及数管设计的现状;提出两种新型一体化载荷数管体系结构,其中第一种低成本集成化方案已应用在中国首次火星探测任务中;通过对未来深空探测载荷数管的技术需求进行分析,对载荷数管发展趋势进行了展望.     

China's Planning for Deep Space Exploration and Lunar Exploration before 2030

The current lunar exploration has changed from a single scientific exploration to science and resource utilization. On the basis of the previous lunar exploration, Chinese scientists and technical experts have proposed an overall plan to preliminarily build a lunar research station on the lunar South Pole by several missions before 2035, exploring of the moon, as well as the use of lunar platforms and in-site utilization of resources. In addition, China will also explore Mars, asteroids and Jupiter and its moons. This paper briefly introduces the ideas of Chinese scientists and technical experts on the lunar and deep space exploration.     

频域波束合成的深空宽带阵列信号处理

深空通信已进入了高速率传输的时代. 借助于射电天文中的小口径天线组阵思想,深空阵列网络因其优越的性价比, 已成为深空网络高速数据传输的最终解决途径.基于FX型相关器, 提出了一种集阵列信号合成、相关处理为一体的频域波束合成器架构和方法. 该架构和方法具有很强的鲁棒性和灵活性, 并可支持多任务探测. 同时,介绍了分析-综合滤波、阵列信号相干合成和自适应可变分数时延等信号处理关键技术.     

基于机器视觉的万用表数字识别技术研究

为提高手持式数字万用表校准系统的自动化水平,本文通过研究图像灰度阈值法、传统方法的目标分类和深度学习三种不同类型的字符识别技术,提出了两种基于机器视觉的数字识别方案。测试结果显示,两种方案的字符识别准确率均可达到99. 8%,但其在硬件资源占比、编程难易程度上二者还存在显著差异。该机器视觉字符识别功能的成功开发与应用,可为更多无程控通信接口的计量测试设备,及一些不适于人工作业的危险计量工作环境进行类似的数字识别提供借鉴。     

航天器介质材料深层充放电实验与数值模拟

空间辐射环境中高能电子诱发的介质材料深层充放电效应是威胁航天器安全的重要因素之一. 本文采用不同束流强度的电子枪电子, 研究了不同厚度的聚酰亚胺薄膜的深层充电过程; 利用Sr90放射源电子模拟GEO轨道高能电子环境, 研究了在其辐照下聚甲醛树脂和聚四氟乙烯材料的表面电位变化; 实验观测了深层放电产生的电流脉冲和电场脉冲. 提出了深层充电模型, 较好地模拟了实验测量结果, 并且分析了深层充电平衡电位和平衡时间随电子束流强度和介质电阻率的变化规律. 实验和数值模拟结果初步揭示了深层充放电效应的特征及规律, 表明深层充电现象随着电子束流强度和介质电阻率的增加而趋于明显, 介质电阻率是影响深层充电平衡电位和平衡时间的主要因素.     

Encounter trajectories for deep space mission ASTER to the triple near Earth asteroid 2001-SN263. The laser altimeter (ALR) point of view

In cooperation with Russia, the Brazilian deep space mission ASTER plans to send a small spacecraft to investigate the triple asteroid 2001-SN263. The nearest launch opportunities for this project include June 2022 and June 2025. One main exploration campaign is being planned with focus on the largest asteroid (Alpha). Among the instruments under development, a laser altimeter (named ALR) was preliminarily designed and presented in 2010–2011. Many studies to define mission and instruments requirements were performed aiming at the characterization of important issues for the successful realization of the mission. Among them, the identification of a suitable trajectory that could be followed by the ASTER spacecraft in the encounter phase, when the main campaign will take place. This paper describes the effort undertaken with focus on the laser altimeter operation. Possible encounter trajectories were modelled and simulated to identify suitable approach parameters and conditions allowing the accomplishment of the intended investigation. The simulation also involves the instrument operation, considering approach geometry, attitude, relative motion, time/date, and the dynamics of the main asteroid. From the laser altimeter point of view, keeping in mind the desired coverage results (50% minimum surface coverage of asteroid Alpha, complying with horizontal and vertical resolution requirements), results point out crucial features for the encounter trajectory, like the need for a small inclination (10^-6 degrees; with respect to the asteroid's orbit), the most favourable spacecraft positioning (between the Sun and the asteroid) and pointing condition (back to the Sun), the minimum amount of achievable surface coverage (58%, focused on central areas), and the most proper time to conduct the main campaign (January 2025). Concerning the instrument, results offer refined values for divergence angle (500 to 650 μrad, half-cone), pulse repetition frequencies (from 1/20 to 1 Hz), and consequent data generation rates. A simulation tool that can use any 3D generated trajectories as input data was created for the analyses presented here. Although created for the ALR in this mission, this simple analysis tool can be adapted to other instruments in this or other missions.     

火星探测天线组阵数据接收技术研究和验证实验

为了满足我国首次火星探测任务的需要，确保探测器有效载荷科学数据的顺利下传，将采用天线组阵的方式进行数据接收。天线组阵数据接收技术在航天工程中的应用国内尚属首次，为此开展了信号合成方法和处理流程的研究，提出了利用模型计算和基于科斯塔斯环的搜索估计相结合的初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法。利用现有的密云站50 m天线和昆明站40 m天线，以嫦娥3号着陆器数传信号为实验对象，开展了天线组阵与数据接收技术检验实验。研究和实验结果表明，全频谱合成方法优于符号流合成方法，其合成损耗小于等于 0.45 dB ，可用于我国首次火星探测任务天线组阵的信号合成；初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法可提高广域组阵信号互相关的搜索效率；所确定的信号合成技术流程和数据处理方法可用于后续信号合成软硬件设备的研制和开发。     

小型核反应堆自主控制及其深空探测应用设想

针对空间小型模块化核反应堆的自主控制问题，提出自主控制体系结构，降低反应堆控制对人的依赖程度，满足了深空探测任务对空间堆自主控制的需求。首先介绍了核反应堆自主控制技术和空间探测自主技术的发展现状，分析了空间小型堆的自主控制需求，然后阐释了自主控制及核反应堆近自主控制的内涵。最后基于空间堆的运行特点，给出小型堆近自主控制分层体系结构的组成元素，并进一步建立了融合决策层和功能层的小型堆多智能体自主控制体系结构。     

6061铝合金超薄壁弯管制造工艺及组织性能研究

通过单向拉伸试验建立了材料的本构方程,对6061铝合金板材半片拉深成形过程进行了有限元模拟,研究了摩擦系数与压边力对拉深成形结果的影响规律模拟结果表明:拉深成形时,应采用较大的压边力和较小的摩擦系数,以避免外管的外弧处易出现明显的起皱缺陷;基于模拟结果,进行了6061铝合金Φ202mm×1mm弯管半片拉深成形;最后对半片焊接后的超薄壁弯管进行了耐压爆破试验及关键部位微观组织分析.     

Mechanical Behavior of Plastic Pipe Reinforced by Cross-Winding Steel Wire Subject to Foundation Settlement

Plastic pipe reinforced by cross helically wound steel wires(PSP)is a new plastic-matrix steel composite pipe developed in China.To investigate the stress of PSP under foundation settlement,a finite element model(FEM)is proposed.The stresses and strains of PSP are obtained by the FEM analysis.The mechanic behavior of PSP subject to a foundation settlement is analyzed.Finally,the influence factor analysis of settlement deformation,such as settlement depth,overlying soil depth,diameter of PSP and inner pressure of PSP,are discussed.