深空探测器被动式高精度多普勒测量方法与应用

针对深空探测器的单程多普勒测量需求,研究了被动式高精度多普勒测量方法及其实现技术。该方法基于探测器测控信标残留载波等点频信号和VLBI测站高精度氢原子钟频标,构造出与实际接收信号频率接近的参考信号;再通过本地相关处理,完成高精度开环多普勒测量。其特色在于完全不需要精确的先验轨道模型。所开发的专用被动式多普勒测量设备,在国内第一次成功用于欧空局环火星探测器“MEX”的多普勒测定轨试验。探测器X频段信号5s积分的单程多普勒测量精度达到 0.2mm/s ,与欧空局测量水平相当。采用该多普勒测量数据的MEX定轨结果与欧空局精密轨道在数百米至千米量级一致。     

深空通信中高性能低复杂度的QC-LDPC码构造方法

LDPC码字具有优异的性能, 在空间通信中得到广泛应用. 为进一步降低LDPC码构造及编码的复杂度, 给出了一种高性能、低复杂度的QC-LDPC码构造方法. 设计了扩展近似下三角阵(extern Approximate Lower Triangular, eALT)结构的全局矩阵, 通过增加双对角阵结构全局矩阵的列重, 降低差错平底(error floor). 为降低传统循环移位系数选择的复杂度, 提出了一种基于Zig-Zag的移位系数设计方法, 采用数学公式计算循环移位系数, 无需计算机搜索即可完全消除长度为4的短环. 给出了所构造码字线性编码的实现过程. 仿真结果表明, 所提构造方法在保证线性编码复杂度的前提下, 增大了码字间最小距离, 降低了差错平底, 提高了码字性能; 采用结构化的方法设计循环移位系数, 无需计算机搜索即可消除4环, 所构造的码字与CCSDS标准中的码字在性能相近的情况下, 降低了实现的复杂度.      

多径干扰下GPS/INS跟踪环路的一种高斯码相位鉴别器

针对载体在多径信号的影响下,传统码相位鉴别器不能实时有效鉴别出码相位误差,提出一种高斯码相位鉴别器构建方法。在GPS/INS深组合模式中,接收机码相位鉴别器的构建将改变传统设计方法。INS系统利用GPS接收机产生的即时码相位信息,建立INS系统码相位鉴别器,该INS码相位鉴别器用于辅助GPS接收机码相位鉴别器,构建高斯码相位鉴别器,有效降低码相位跟踪误差。仿真结果表明,与传统的码鉴相器相比,高斯码相位鉴别器减小了噪声方差,能有效提高鉴相精度,从而在多径干扰下提高定位精度。     

面向深空时变信道的数据传输策略

将呈现随机“好”、“坏”状态跳变的深空Ka频段链路噪声温度建模为两状态Gilbert-Elliot信道,考虑深空下行发送端只能获得延迟的信道状态信息（CSI）的限制,结合部分观测马尔科夫决策理论设计了基于延迟CSI预测信道状态的自适应最大化吞吐量传输策略。理论推导了在深空通信环境下最优传输策略的关键阈值,并给出了简化的闭合解计算式。通过地球-火星通信参数仿真,校验了该方案能有效提高吞吐量,提高文件传输效率。     

光电技术在中国深空探测中的应用

文章简单回顾了中国深空探测已走过的历程和正在进行的项目,展望了今后的发展;分析了深空探测器及其有效栽荷对光电技术的需求;重点对中国已发射的月球探测器"嫦娥一号"、"嫦娥二号"中应用的光电技术和获取的成果,正在研制的"嫦娥三号"探测器中所应用的光电技术,月球探测三期和今后可能发展的深空探测项目中预计采用的光电技术的研制工...     

一种深度强化学习制导控制一体化算法

研究了一种基于深度强化学习理论的制导控制一体化算法。不同于传统的制导控制一体化算法和制导控制回路分开设计的方法,基于深度强化学习理论的制导控制一体化算法利用深度学习强化算法生成一个智能体,智能体根据导弹的观测量生成舵偏角控制指令准确拦截目标。首先将制导控制问题转化为一个马尔可夫决策过程,然后提出了一个权衡制导精度、能量损耗和飞行时间的奖励函数,将制导控制问题转化到强化学习问题的框架中。最后采用深度确定性策略梯度算法,求解提出的强化学习问题,训练得到制导控制智能体,智能体根据导弹观测量生成舵偏角指令。通过进行大量的数值模拟,验证了提出的制导控制一体化算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Autonomous navigation of formation flying spacecrafts in deep space exploration and communication by hybrid navigation utilizing neural network filter

Autonomous navigation of spacecrafts is a difficult task, however, which is a must in future deep space exploration. With multiple spacecrafts flying in space, this aim can be achieved by formation flying spacecraft (FFS) utilizing inverse time difference of arrival (ITDOA) and inverse difference Doppler (IDD) methods, which can locate the position of earth-station from one-way uplink signals in the FFS coordinate, and by way of conversion of coordinates, the position of FFS is achieved in earth-centered earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate. The ability of neural network (NN) filter in navigation to extract position of spacecrafts from random measuring noise of signal arrival time and Doppler shift is studied with different radius of FFS and surveying parameters. The NN filter used by spacecraft group is new way of unidirectional autonomous navigation and is of high precision of hybrid navigation.     

Piloted operations at a near-Earth object (NEO)

In late 2006, NASA's Constellation Program sponsored a study to examine the feasibility of sending a piloted Orion spacecraft to a near-Earth object. NEOs are asteroids or comets that have perihelion distances less than or equal to 1.3 astronomical units, and can have orbits that cross that of the Earth. Therefore, the most suitable targets for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) are those NEOs in heliocentric orbits similar to Earth's (i.e. low inclination and low eccentricity). One of the significant advantages of this type of mission is that it strengthens and validates the foundational infrastructure of the United States Space Exploration Policy and is highly complementary to NASA's planned lunar sortie and outpost missions circa 2020. A human expedition to a NEO would not only underline the broad utility of the Orion CEV and Ares launch systems, but would also be the first human expedition to an interplanetary body beyond the Earth–Moon system. These deep space operations will present unique challenges not present in lunar missions for the onboard crew, spacecraft systems, and mission control team. Executing several piloted NEO missions will enable NASA to gain crucial deep space operational experience, which will be necessary prerequisites for the eventual human missions to Mars.Our NEO team will present and discuss the following:

• new mission trajectories and concepts;

• operational command and control considerations;

• expected science, operational, resource utilization, and impact mitigation returns; and

• continued exploration momentum and future Mars exploration benefits.

基于X射线脉冲星的深空探测器自主导航方案

X射线脉冲星自主导航系统可以为深空探测器提供位置、速度、时间和姿态等丰富且自主的导航信息,以X射线脉冲星测得的信息作为量测量,结合轨道动力学方程,对航天器的轨道进行自主估计确定。论文阐述了该方案的导航原理,在借鉴现有航天器导航系统的基础上,提出了基于X射线脉冲星导航的方案,介绍了方案的硬件组成、系统结构,并针对方案中导航敏感器多冗余的特征,给出了基于多传感器组合导航技术的结构,最后用仿真资料对方案做了性能概算和精度估计。     

Gravity waves generated by thunderstorms: South-East Asia tropical region study

Gravity waves are recognized as an integral part of earth’s atmosphere which are mainly responsible for energy and momentum distribution among different layers and regions in the atmosphere. Various sources present in land, ocean, and atmosphere such as mountains, convection, jets and fronts etc. are responsible for gravity waves generation. Thunderstorms (deep convection) are one of the major sources of gravity waves in the tropical region, capable of generating waves with a wide range of frequencies and scales and significantly affecting the existing waves. Previous numerical studies have characterised the wave properties that are generated from thunderstorms, but there are no statistically quantified studies. In this paper, we have modelled the relationship between the latent heat generated inside a thunderstorm and the gravity wave properties at the geo-collocated points. Gravity waves are identified over Singapore radiosonde station (with data available until 30?km altitude with 12?h temporal resolution) in the stratosphere using wavelet studies. Based on the GROGRAT ray tracing methods to identify the thunderstorm locations, and RAMS cloud-resolving models simulations to obtain the latent heating of the thunderstorm, a regression analysis is performed using 200 cases of gravity waves. Furthermore, cloud-top momentum flux analysis is performed for various cases latent heat. This study is expected to provide more quantified and concrete information on the coupling between the thunderstorm and gravity wave which includes the variance in these relationships due to wave frequency spectrum and generation mechanisms.