斜纹机织热塑性复合材料低速冲击损伤及多尺度数值模拟研究

机织复合材料在服役过程中不可避免地遭受低速冲击而引起内部损伤,导致材料性能减退。本文以斜纹机织热塑性复合材料为研究对象,通过实验与模拟相结合的方法研究其在低速冲击下的损伤行为。构建了微观、介观和宏观串行的多尺度模型对斜纹机织热塑性复合材料低速冲击损伤行为进行预测,并在5和10 J的冲击能量下,对其进行低速冲击试验以验证该多尺度模型的正确性。结果表明,微观、介观和宏观串行的多尺度模型能够准确地预测出斜纹机织热塑性复合材料的冲击损伤特性;在较大的冲击能量下,材料正面和背面均出现了损伤,且损伤以纤维断裂为主;低速冲击数值模拟所预测的力响应曲线与试验结果表现出良好的一致性,数值模拟损伤面积的误差在10%以内。     

纳秒激光脉冲宽度对2024铝合金损伤特性的影响

飞机激光除漆对2024铝合金蒙皮可能造成潜在的损伤,需探究激光参数变化对基体材料表面的作用规律,其中脉冲宽度对激光-材料作用与材料损伤特性具有重要影响。本文采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件模拟分析了不同脉冲宽度时激光作用铝合金表面的温升特性,并借鉴ISO 11254 1-on-1激光损伤阈值测试方法研究了脉冲宽度对铝合金损伤阈值的影响,进一步分析了不同脉冲宽度下的烧蚀凹坑微观形貌、直径与深度变化规律。结果表明：铝合金表面峰值温度随脉冲宽度增加而降低;脉冲宽度从150 ns增加到240和330 ns时,铝合金损伤阈值从9.96 J/cm²分别增加到11.24和12.66 J/cm²,当激光能量密度达到损伤阈值时,3μm厚氧化膜被完全损伤,破坏了铝合金表面完整性;烧蚀凹坑直径和深度随脉冲宽度增加而增加,深度受影响程度更大。该研究可为激光与材料作用的脉冲宽度选择提供一定的参考。     

机身加筋壁板环向裂纹损伤容限试验与分析

机身壁板是飞机结构中的主要承力构件,也是损伤的主要产生部位,研究机身加筋壁板的裂纹扩展规律和剩余强度特性具有重要意义。在轴向拉伸载荷作用下,对含环向裂纹的机身加筋壁板进行损伤容限试验;利用ANSYS有限元软件对试验件进行应力强度因子分析,估算裂纹扩展寿命;基于线弹性断裂力学准则和线弹性断裂力学加塑性修正准则,计算剩余强度特征曲线,并对比分析计算结果和试验结果。结果表明:计算得到的裂纹扩展寿命与试验结果的相对误差为6.3%,满足工程要求;线弹性断裂力学加塑性修正准则估算的剩余强度更为合理,误差仅为2.6%,且偏安全。     

Stress analysis and damage evolution in individual plies of notched composite laminates subjected to in-plane loads

This work aims to investigate local stress distribution, damage evolution and failure of notched composite laminates under in-plane loads. An analytic method containing uniformed boundary equations using a complex variable approach is developed to present layer-by-layer stresses around the notch. The uniformed boundary equations established in series together with conformal mapping functions are capable of dealing with irregular boundary issues around the notch and at infinity. Stress results are employed to evaluate the damage initiation and propagation of notched composites by progressive damage analysis(PDA). A user-defined subroutine is developed in the finite element(FE) model based on coupling theories for mixed failure criteria and damage mechanics to efficiently investigate damage evolution as well as failure modes. Carbon/epoxy laminates with a stacking sequence of [45°/0°/ 60°/90°]sare used to investigate surface strains, in-plane load capacity and microstructure of failure zones to provide analytic and FE methods with strong validation. Good agreement is observed between the analytic method, the FE model and experiments in terms of the stress(strain) distributions, damage evaluation and ultimate strength, and the layerby-layer stress components vary according to a combination effect of fiber orientation and loading type, causing diverse failure modes in individuals.     

基于60x总线的Lockstep处理器架构

在航空器、汽车等很多需要高可靠性计算的系统中，通常采用余度技术。随着余度系统带来的功耗、体积、重量、管理等方面的问题越来越严重，要求处理器达到很高的可靠性以降低系统余度。 Lockstep处理器架构能够迅速监测处理器运行的错误，进行故障隔离，防止故障蔓延，在处理器级实现高可靠性。进而，Lockstep处理器架构作为新型高可靠计算系统的关键技术，可以实现信息处理的高完整性和高可用性。对Lockstep技术进行分析研究并进行设计实现，实现一种高可靠、高可用的计算处理架构。     

民用飞机蒙皮加筋壁板损伤容限分析方法探讨

主要介绍了民用飞机蒙皮加筋壁板损伤容限的分析方法,以中间筋条断裂的两跨纵向裂纹为例,将影响结构损伤容限特性的因素分为三部分进行计算,分别是加筋效应、鼓胀效应以及应力分布效应,最终得到相对应的裂纹尖端的应力强度因子并且进行裂纹扩展分析及剩余强度计算。文中选取实例采用这种方法进行计算,并将计算结果与试验数据对比,两者吻合较好,说明了本方法的可行性及实用性。     

圆度误差目标函数特性的研究

建立了基于半径测量法的圆度误差最小区域评定法无约束最优化数学模型,对目标函数的特性进行了深入研究,基于现代凸函数理论严格地证明了所建立的目标函数是二维欧式空间R2中的连续、不可微的凸函数,因而它的全局极小值是唯一的。任何最优化算法,只要它收敛,均可用于求解该目标函数并得到可靠的最小区域圆度误差值。给出了实例。     

模拟失重对心血管自主神经调节功能的影响

载人航天或模拟失重后，航天员会出现运动能力与立位耐力降低，其发生机理与多种因素的改变有关．为进一步验证这种变化与中枢神经系统调节功能障碍的可能相关，本文研究模拟失重过程中心脏与外周血管自主神经调节功能的动态变化及与卧床后立位耐力降低的关系．结果表明，6名被试者的HRV谱的总功率（TP）及低频（LF）、高频（HF）成份均减少，而LF：HF比值在卧床后期有增大趋势．卧床后HUT初始6min所有被试者心率明显快于卧床前的相应值．说明模拟失重后心脏迷走神经反应与外周血管交感神经活动水平降低，心脏交感神经活动水平逐渐升高．但卧床后HUT时心血管自主神经调节反应基本正常．     

基于UG的检测模型未注公差自动完善研究

提出了基于UG的检测模型未注公差自动完善方案,分析了一般公差标准中线性尺寸的数据结构,并在Access中建立一般公差数据库,利用UG/Open API在UG中开发未注公差处理模块,介绍了该模块主要功能的实现方法.该方案有效解决了检测模型线性尺寸未注公差问题,明显提高了产品的检测效率.     

Damage assessment of large space structures through the variational approach

The present investigation is focused on the solution of a dynamic inverse problem which is concerned with the assessment of damage in large space structures by means of measured vibration data. This inverse problem has been presented as an optimization problem and has been solved through the use of the conjugate gradient method with the adjoint equation, also called the variational approach. When a high number of damaged elements has to be found and these elements are also severely damaged, it is shown that the use of an additional method is necessary in order to provide a better initial guess for the conjugate gradient method. A stochastic method, represented by the genetic algorithm method, has been chosen because it provides robust search in complex spaces and also reduces the chance of converging to local optima. The application of this hybrid approach showed that better results can be achieved, although the computational time for the application analyzed here could increase. The damage estimation has been evaluated using noiseless and noisy synthetic experimental data, and the reported results are concerned with a space truss structure.