F-22未能成为舰载战斗机原因浅析

从经济可承受性、进度、海上作战需求和航母适配性等方面，论述F-22未能成为舰载战斗机的原因。     

F-22隐身战斗机的创新性电子战作战模式

F-22隐身战斗机为了在作战中实现真正意义上的战术"隐身",没有装备传统的有源干扰机和大功率搜索雷达,所装备的ALR-94无源系统成了检测、跟踪甚至攻击目标的关键设备,探测距离达463km,而其APG-77有源电扫描阵列雷达,能有节制地用很窄的似"激光波束"探测目标,信号强度、延续时间和空间形状严格受辐射管理,必要时还能产生大功率干扰波束,简直成了能干扰雷达的有源压制干扰机.F-22也因此摆脱了传统的电子战作战模式,进行一种创新概念的电子战,没有电子干扰(攻击)设备的电子战.     

F-22机载火控雷达系统研究

通过有源相控阵技术、低噪声接收部件、紧凑布局和高级模态开发 ,F - 2 2雷达系统实现了在性能、可靠性和低可探测性方面的大幅提升。本文基于载机综合航电系统概念 ,在分析APG - 77雷达系统硬软件体系结构的基础上 ,探讨了F - 2 2雷达在生存性、杀伤性、可靠性和保障性等方面的独特优势 ,讨论了有源相控阵技术在低雷达散射截面战斗机上应用的折衷考虑。     

Two intense Forbush decreases of solar activity cycle 22

We study two intense Forbush decreases that occurred during two adjacent SOLTIP (Solar connection of Transient Interplanetary Processes) intervals; namely SOLTIP 1 (22–27 March 1991) and SOLTIP 2 (1–17 June 1991); galactic cosmic ray intensity at the depth of the second Forbush decrease was the lowest ever recorded since continuous monitoring by Climax neutron monitor began in 1951 (58% below the solar minimum value of 1954), indicating extreme conditions in the heliosphere that prevented galactic cosmic rays from reaching the Earth. These decreases were seen propagating in outer heliosphere by the deep space missions Voyagers 1, 2 and Pioneer 10, 11, with suitable time delays. We analyze hourly, pressure corrected, neutron monitor data from the global sites in both hemispheres, and muon telescopes located underground; they respond to 10–300 GV range of the galactic cosmic ray spectrum. This circumstance provides us an ideal opportunity to study the rigidity dependence of the amplitudes of the two Forbush decreases. In both cases the amplitude is found to be a power law in rigidity, with negative exponents.     

基于云纹干涉法与钻孔法的等离子热障涂层残余应力实验

应用云纹干涉法与钻孔法结合的光测力学实验方法,研究了等离子热障涂层基体材料镍基高温合金DZ125的残余应力.通过实验和计算获得了等离子喷涂工艺下基体DZ125的残余变形场、残余应变场和残余应力,并描述了其主要特征.结果表明,采用云纹干涉法与钻孔法结合测定热障涂层残余应力具有全场测量和高灵敏度等优点,这对于采用光学手段研...     

DZ125合金钎焊接头窄钎缝区高温循环应力应变分析方法

针对钎焊接头窄钎缝区(大约150μm)在高温环境下的循环应力应变测量困难问题,提出一种基于反推法的新思想,依据以下两类数据进行计算和分析:第一类是采用有限元软件ABAQUS的用户材料子程序(UMAT)嵌入Chaboche热黏塑性本构模型计算得到的DZ125母材合金高温循环应力应变数据;第二类是经高温循环试验得到的钎焊接头的相应数据,最后经过数据处理和MATLAB软件编程获得窄钎缝区的应力应变.研究结果表明,钎焊接头在高温环境下的变形具有明显的不均匀性和局部性,并指出较之母材合金其钎缝区相对较“软”,而且它也是整个钎焊接头的薄弱环节,应给予足够的重视.推而广之,反推法的提出为研究普通焊接接头窄焊缝的力学行为提供了一条新的途径.      

喷丸对DZ4 合金旋转弯曲疲劳断裂特征的影响

对喷丸前后DZ4高温合金旋转弯曲高周疲劳断口的断裂特征进行了观察.结果表明,室温和高温(820℃)时,未喷丸的DZ4合金高周疲劳裂纹均萌生于试样表面以及与表面相连的铸造缺陷或碳化物处.Kt=1时,疲劳断口为点源,源区存在滑移平面和滑移台阶;随着应力集中水平的升高(Kt=2,Kt=3),疲劳断口向多源和线源发展,源区滑移面变小甚至消失;随着温度的升高,断口源区滑移特征明显.喷丸后,疲劳裂纹源内移,裂纹萌生于试样次表面的晶体内部或铸造缺陷处.带缺口试样裂纹源减少,起源区域缩小,出现明显的主、次疲劳源.实验证明,喷丸可降低DZ4合金表面和缺口敏感性,对裂纹萌生有抑制作用,可提高材料的疲劳性能,随着温度升高,喷丸的强化作用逐渐减弱,但在820℃仍有强化作用.     

DC-DC电力变换器设计与实现

DC-DC是将不可调的直流电压转变为可调或固定的直流电压,是一个用开关调节方式控制电能的变换电路,这种技术被广泛应用于各种开关电源、直流调速、燃料电池、太阳能供电和分布式电源系统中。上个世纪,随着功率开关器件的发展,变换器拓扑和变换技术已经取得了很大的成就,并且已经发展到一个相当高的水平。在DC-DC变换器的演化过程中,离不开各种直流变换技术,各种新技术的产生和发展很大程度上影响了变换器拓扑的演化。本课题的目的是设计一种DC-DC电力变换器,其可将一种直流电变换为另一种形式直流电,并利用MC9S08DZ60单片机对其进行控制,主要对电压、电流实现变换,它在可再生能源、电力系统、交通、航天航空、计算机和通讯、家用电器、国防军工、工业控制等领域有广泛的应用。     

The potential for radiometric retrievals of halocarbon concentrations from the MIPAS-E instrument

Halocarbons, such as CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22, are important trace gases in the atmosphere through their role as greenhouse gases and their influence on stratospheric ozone chemistry. This paper focuses on an initial study using integration of spectral radiance measurements from a spaceborne limb sounding Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) to retrieve these compounds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The instrument employed in this study is the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding onboard ENVISAT (MIPAS-E) which obtains spectral data in the altitude range of 6–68 km at an unapodized spectral resolution of 0.025 cm⁻¹. We have used optimal estimation techniques to retrieve vertical information for these compounds using a radiometric approach.

It is shown that significant retrieval information is obtained at up to five measured levels in the UTLS for CFC-11, up to six for CFC-12 and up to two levels for HCFC-22. An initial error analysis indicates significant sensitivity of our retrievals to variability in operationally retrieved pressure and temperature data. For each halocarbon, gain, offset and spectroscopic uncertainties generally each contribute less than 10% to the total error. Finally, tracer correlations are used to compare the datasets to equivalent relationships derived here from version 2 ATMOS data with very good agreements for CFC-12 but with more variability in the CFC-11 comparisons.     

V-22“鱼鹰”倾转旋翼机研制历程与关键技术

倾转旋翼机具有速度快、噪声小、航程远、载重大和耗油率低等优点,本文介绍了贝尔直升机公司V-22"鱼鹰"倾转旋翼机从原理验证阶段的XV-3机到方案验证阶段的XV-15机,再到实用工程研制阶段的V-22"鱼鹰"机循序渐进的研制历程,并叙述了倾转旋翼机研制中的几项关键技术。