喷流制冷的高超声速后台阶流场气动光学效应研究

近年来,临近空间的军事应用价值受到了越来越多的关注。为了研究高超声速飞行器典型后台阶结构的气动光学问题,采用研究稀薄气体动力学的直接模拟蒙特卡洛算法(DSMC)研究了临近空间不同喷流控制下的后台阶流动特性,并采用光线追踪方法研究了不同流动控制下流场的气动光学效应。计算结果表明,随着飞行高度增加,壁面热流将增加,同时气动光效应将变弱。在四种喷流冷却方式中,喷流方式A的冷却效果最好,同时没有增加气动光学效应,B、D方式具有一定的冷却效应,但使得气动光学效应更加严重。     

Rarefied gas effects on the aerodynamics of high area-to-mass ratio spacecraft in orbit

The aerodynamic situation of a satellite-on-a-chip operating in low Earth orbit bears some resemblance to a classical Crookes radiometer. The large area-to-mass ratio characteristic of a SpaceChip means that very small surface-dependent forces produce non-negligible accelerations that can significantly alter its orbit. When the temperature of a SpaceChip changes, the drag force can be changed: if the temperature increases, the drag increases (and vice versa). Analytical expressions available in the literature that describe the change in drag coefficient with orbit altitude and SpaceChip temperature compare well with our direct simulation Monte Carlo results presented here. It is demonstrated that modifying the temperature of a SpaceChip could be used for relative orbit control of individual SpaceChips in a swarm, with a maximum change in position per orbit of 50 m being achievable at 600 km altitude.     

高超声速飞行器复杂流场过渡区DSMC数值模拟的一种新方案

采用DSMC方法,研究了高超声速三维复杂外形飞行器在过渡领域飞行的气动力、热特性.提出了一种对飞行器物面网格与DSMC计算域网格分别标识,进行高超声速复杂流场过渡区DSMC数值模拟的一种新方案,通过判断模拟分子与表面碰撞来完成飞行器物面网格与DSMC计算域网格间的信息传递和信息存贮,对于复杂外形飞行器的精确描述的物面网格不需做进一步处理,直接应用于不依赖于飞行器外形的DSMC计算的通用子程序中.对物面网格的标识、分子的运动及与表面碰撞的判断、流场量的采集的实施方法和细节进行了分析和讨论.仿真计算了三维复杂飞行器流场压力、热流分布量,飞行器表面气动力、气动力矩和气动热参数,证明了采用的方案和技术的有效性.     

高空羽流场的DSMC计算和实验研究

以小推力发动机的高空羽流场为研究对象，实现了高空小喷管氮气流DSMC方法数值模拟，验证了DSMC方法在高空膨胀流中的可用性，并在现有设备基础上，进行一组高空羽流试验，给出试验与计算的对比结果。结果表明：喷管出口附近能得到满意结果，由于实现设备能力所限，远场试验没有达到预期效果。     

侧向喷流与飞行器三维绕流干扰流场特性的DSMC/EPSM数值模拟

采用DSMC/EPSM混合算法,研究了带有侧向喷流的复杂外形高超声速飞行器稀薄区和连续区三维混合流场的干扰特性。采用一种飞行器物面网格与DSMC计算域网格分别标识的方法,通过判断模拟分子与表面碰撞来完成飞行器物面网格与DSMC计算域网格间的信息传递和信息存贮,对于复杂外形飞行器的精确描述的物面网格不需做进一步处理,直接应用于不依赖于飞行器外形的DSMC计算的通用子程序中。引入碰撞数做为混合参数,对流动区域进行划分,并通过网格中碰撞数的统计和处理,有效地将DSMC和EPSM方法结合在一起。仿真计算了三维复杂外形飞行器带喷流流场压力、热流分布量,飞行器表面气动力、气动力矩和气动热参数,对喷流与高超声速空气绕流相互作用以及它们与物面之间的相互扰动进行了分析,证明了采用的方案和技术的有效性。     

过渡领域高超声速圆柱绕流直接模拟

本文用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法模拟了再入速度为７．５ｋｍ／ｓ，高度分别为８０、８５、９０ｋｍ，物壁是完全漫反射有限催化壁的圆柱绕流。在８０ｋｍ考察了壁面催化率的影响。     

多孔隔热材料内压响应的影响因素分析

针对新型多相隔热材料的结构特征,选取了1.25μm2、.5μm、10μm的纤维尺寸,85%9、0%、95%的孔隙率,不同宏观尺寸的材料简化模型,运用改进的DSMC方法对其进行了数值模拟,旨在分析影响压力响应的众多因素,给出孔隙率、内外压比、纤维尺寸、宏观尺寸等因素对响应时间的影响规律。结果表明,孔隙率对响应时间的影响较大,同一条件下,孔隙率减小,响应时间增大;和纤维尺寸相比,响应时间对内外压比的敏感性相对较弱,内外压比增加,响应时间有所增加;同一条件下,纤维尺寸降低,响应时间增大。     

Slip boundary conditions for rough surfaces

The velocity slip and temperature jump for a two-dimensional rough plate under hypersonic conditions were analyzed using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Surface roughness was explicitly modeled by introducing various structures on the flat plate. The influences of relative roughness height, which involves the roughness height, roughness spacing, incoming velocity, and the degree of rarefaction, were analyzed and discussed. It is found that with the increase of the relative roughness height, the jump temperature increases, while the slip velocity decreases gradually. The effects of surface roughness on the slip coefficients can be attributed to the change of accommodation coefficients. A new slip model for rough surfaces was established in this paper, which accounts for the coupling effects of gas rarefaction and surface roughness, without the effort to model the surface roughness explicitly. The nitrogen flows in the microchannel, and flows over a blunt cone and an axisymmetric bi-conic body, were simulated under the modified and conventional slip boundary conditions, respectively. The numerical solutions were validated with experimental data. It can be safely concluded that compared with the traditional first-order slip boundary conditions, the modified slip model improves the accuracy of macroscopic properties, especially the heat transfer coefficient.