基于3DES算法的SRAM工艺FPGA加密设计

本文提出了一种基于3DES算法的SRAM工艺FPGA加密设计方法,并详细描述了3DES加密算法的模型以及其硬件设计过程,最后给出3DES加密算法的硬件实现仿真时序图以及在FPGA中的实现结果.     

Computation of unsteady turbomachinery flows: Part 2—LES and hybrids

The choice of turbulence model can have a strong impact on results for many turbomachinery zones. Palliative corrections to them and also transition modeling can have a further profound solution impact. The spectral gaps necessary for theoretically valid URANS solutions are also lacking in certain turbomachinery zones. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) alleviates the serious area of turbulence modeling uncertainty but with an extreme increase in computational cost. However, there seems a lack of validation data to explore in depth the performance of LES and thus strategies to refine it. LES best practices are needed. Although LES is, obviously, much less model dependent than RANS, grids currently used for more practical simulations are clearly insufficiently fine for the LES model and numerical schemes not to be playing an excessively strong role. Very few turbomachinery simulations make use of properly constructed, correlated turbulence inflow. Even if this is attempted, most measurement sets are incomplete and lack an adequate basis for modeling this inflow. Gas turbines are highly complex coupled systems and hence inflow and outflow boundary condition specification needs to go beyond just synthesizing turbulent structures and preventing their reflection.Despite the strong limitations of the dissipative Smagorinsky model, it still sees the most wide spread use, generally, in excessively dissipative flow solvers. Monotone Integrated LES (MILES) related approaches, hybrid LES–RANS and more advanced LES models seem to have an equal but subservient frequency of use in turbomachinery applications. Clearly the introduction of a RANS layer can have a substantial accuracy penalty. However, it does allow LES to be rationally used, albeit in a diluted sense for industrial applications. The Reynolds numbers found in turbomachinery are substantial. However, in certain areas evidence suggests they will not be enough to ensure a long inertial subrange and hence the use of standard LES modeling practices.Despite the excessively coarse grids used in much of the LES work reviewed, with essentially RANS based codes, meaningful results are often gained. This can perhaps be attributed to the choice of cases, these being ones for which RANS modeling gives extremely poor performance. It is a concern that for practical turbomachinery LES studies grid densities used tend to have an Reynolds number scaling to a strong negative power.     

大迎角下俯仰振荡对细长体气动特性的影响

通过对头部无扰动和有扰动的两个细长体模型进行数值计算,分析了各个流场中涡系结构和气动力变化历程,并对比两者之间的差别.发现在高频率小振幅的俯仰振荡作用下,头部无扰动和有扰动的细长体的流场随时间的发展慢慢由非对称转变为对称.相对于头部有扰动的细长体,在第一个振荡周期内非定常俯仰运动对头部无扰动的细长体作用更明显.     

弹射座椅系统外高速流场的数值模拟

对绕弹射座椅系统的高速流场进行了数值模拟.控制方程为雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程,空间离散为Osher逆风格式和五步龙格库塔格式,湍流模拟采用了基于M-SST两方程紊流模型的DES方法,计算中采用了区域分裂的并行技术.对来流马赫数分别为0.6,1.2的流场进行了计算,计算结果表明该方法可以较好地模拟弹射座椅系统外的高速流场.     

Gamma-Theta经验转捩模型在DES中的应用

与RANS湍流模型相比,DES湍流模型的边界层外自由流部分存在LES区,该区域的涡粘性会有所降低。为了研究了这一特征对γ-Reθt转捩模型的影响,以平板实验为算例,选取基于k-w SST湍流模型的DES模型和DDES模型,检验γ-Reθt转捩模型在DES模型和DDES模型中的表现。结果表明：DES模型和DDES模型使转捩位置推迟,SST—DES模型由于对网格过度敏感而没有触发转捩,SST—DDES模型使转捩位置后移较少;DDES模型比DES模型更适合γ-Reθt转捩模型;转捩经验关系需要进行修正后才能将γ-Reθt应用于DDES模型。     

SST-DES在小分离流动数值模拟中的改进

在基于剪切应力运输（SST,Shear Stress Transport）分离涡模拟（DES,Detached Eddy Simulation）应对小分离流动的数值模拟中,上游雷诺平均方法（RANS,Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes）区域内较大的涡黏性通过对流扩散方程传递到下游大涡模拟方法（LES,Large Eddy Simulation）区域,导致自由剪切层解析湍流解迟迟得不到发展,剪切层失稳延后,出现强烈的灰区效应。为此将SST-DES中体现LES求解的类亚格子模式重新构造成标准k方程亚格子模式,防止多变量在RANS和LES交界面处对湍流黏性系数的混合影响,最终得到了一种改进的SST-DES方法。采用该方法对AS239翼型小分离数值模拟并与DES和延迟分离涡模拟（DDES,Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation）结果进行对比,可以看出该方法在壁面边界层保留了SST-DDES特性的同时,在尾迹区大大提高了LES的可解能力,显著降低了灰区的影响。     

长深比对空腔流动与声学特性的影响分析

长深比(L/D)是影响空腔流动的最重要外形参数。为了对空腔的流动机理有更深入的认识,采用基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型的脱体涡模拟(DES)数值方法,研究空腔L/D的变化对空腔流动与声学特性的影响。选取的来流马赫数为0.85,基于空腔长度的雷诺数为6.84×106。结果表明:随着L/D的增加,空腔前部的压强系数逐渐降低,后部的压强系数逐渐升高,导致空腔内的静压梯度逐渐增大;整个空腔内的压强脉动强度减弱,噪声环境有所改善。研究结果可为空腔流动类型的划分提供一定的依据。     

一种数据加密技术

随着网络技术的发展,信息安全问题也显得愈为突出。加密技术就是适应了网络安全的需要应运而生的。本文通过对私用密钥加密技术和公开密钥加密技术的研究,结合二者的利弊并采用系统时钟作为3DES加密算法密钥的一部分,提出了一种高效、安全的加密技术同时又具有一次一密的功能,确保数据传输的安全。     

用DES方法数值模拟喷流开启/关闭时的流场

针对喷流在开启/关闭时的气动特性进行了数值模拟。控制方程为Navier-Stokes方程,其求解采用了基于面的有限体积方法,该离散方法适合任意网格单元。空间离散采用了Osher格式。同时也采用了基于Spalart-Allmaras一方程模型的DES模型。对非定常过程的处理采用了双时间步长。在加速收敛的过程中采用了区域分裂的并行技术,利用METIS进行网格分区,MPI库函数作为并行环境,并采用了非阻断通信来进行区域间的信息交换。对导弹在来流马赫数为6.15时开启/关闭喷流时的流场变化进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了比较。结果显示,该方法对处理此类问题非常有效。     

6种典型飞行器的RANS计算及大分离区域的DES分析

提出了一种将RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes)与DES(detached eddy simulation)相结合计算流场的工程新算法,并用于第一代载人飞船Mercury、第二代载人飞船Gemini、人类第一枚成功到达火星上空的Fire-Ⅱ探测器、具有丰富风洞实验数据(来流Mach数从0.50变到2.86)的巡航导弹、高升阻比的Waverider(乘波体)以及具有大容积效率与高升阻比的CAV(common aero vehicle)等6种国际上著名飞行器的绕流计算.在流场计算中,采用分区技术,即首先对全流场采用RANS计算,然后对分离较大或者分离较严重的那些区域采用DES分析技术.文中所完成的6个典型算例总共63个工况的数值计算表明:仅在分离较大的区域采用DES分析技术,虽然从严格意义上讲这样的处理并非真正意义上的DES,但这样近似处理后所得到的流场数值结果(其中包括气动力和气动热)与相关实验数据较为贴近,并且流场的计算效率较全场进行DES计算时要高得多.