基于三维点云重建的助推器位姿估计

助推器分离是运载火箭发射过程中的关键动作之一,常用的激光雷达姿态测量技术在助推器分离阶段受外界干扰严重,难以准确获得位姿。基于视觉的助推器位姿变化测量技术具有优秀的抗干扰能力,通过搭建三维点云重建网络,以图像为输入,三维点云为输出,在构建的助推器分离过程的图像 点云数据上进行了训练和测试,对测试重建的助推器点云使用主成分分析的方法完成了位姿的估算。测试结果表明,所建立的三维点云重建网络可以根据仿真图像数据,精确测量助推器分离阶段的位姿变化,在R2score指标下,对三维坐标的预测分数均在0.98以上,姿态角平均误差约为21°,预测分数则均在0.80以上。     

基于测试性D矩阵的多故障诊断与维修策略

针对复杂的多故障诊断问题以及多故障直接处理方法实现的难点,在测试性D矩阵基础上,提出了一种基于单故障化的多故障诊断与维修策略（MFDMSTS）。首先,在多故障假设下引入析取运算,定义了可隔离单故障和可隔离多故障,据此定义将多故障转化为单故障,并将转化的单故障与测试集组成新的D矩阵;然后,运用单故障诊断算法处理新的D矩阵,得到最优诊断树;最后,针对诊断树的不同叶子节点,提出了多故障诊断与维修策略。实例验算表明：MFDMSTS能降低平均诊断费用和平均诊断步数,并大幅降低误修率。     

微机控制大功率高精度直流电动机无级调速系统

NH-2大型双试验段低速风洞的动力系统为采用微机控制的大功率高精度直流电动机无级调速系统。 该系统应用转速和速压的模拟量闭环反馈及微机速压数字量反馈的特殊调节方法——给定值补偿调节法,解决了大延时速压参数的高精度控制问题,在国内风洞中处领先地位。 系统的技术数据如下: 控制电机功率 1000千瓦 风速范围 4—88米/秒 追压控制精度 优于0.2％ 节省能耗 20％以上 本文介绍微机控制直流电动机原理,主要程序流程图,以及提高速压控制精度的措施。     

Al_2O_（3P）／Zn－Al复合材料的硬度与耐磨性能

研究了流变铸造法制备的Ａｌ２Ｏ３Ｐ／Ｚｎ－Ａｌ复合材料硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明Ａｌ２Ｏ３Ｐ的加入，提高了Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金的室温和高温硬度，改善了其耐磨性能。颗粒体积含量增加，或者颗粒粒径的减小都将提高该复合材料的硬度和耐磨性，而试验温度的增加会引起其硬度的迅速降低。不过，Ａｌ２Ｏ３Ｐ的加入显著改善了Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金耐高温性能。此外，文中还研究了淬火、回火或循环热处理对该复合材料硬度值的影响。     

软件无线电的关键技术与发展动态

软件无线电是利用软件来实现无线通信系统中的各种功能的一种通信技术，近年来获得了较大的发展。本文分别介绍软件无线电的关键技术、评价标准和发展过程，并对软件无线电的技术前景做了展望。     

Radio occultation electron density profiles from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites over the Brazilian region: A comparison with Digisonde data

This study aims to validate the electron density profiles from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites with data from Digisondes in Brazil during the low solar activity period of the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. Data from three Brazilian Digisondes located in Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45°W), São Luís (2.5°S, 44.2°W) and Fortaleza (3.8°S, 38°W) were used in the comparisons. Only the profiles whose density peak have been obtained near the stations coordinates were chosen for the comparison. Although there is generally good agreement, some cases of discrepancies are observed. Some of these discrepancies cannot be explained simply by the differences in the position and local time of the measurements made by the satellite and the ground-based station. In such cases it is possible that local conditions, such as the presence of a trans-equatorial wind or electron density gradients, could contribute to the observed differences. Comparison of the F2 layer peak parameters, the NmF2 and hmF2, obtained from the two techniques showed that, in general, the agreement for NmF2 is pretty good and the NmF2 has a better correlation than hmF2. Cachoeira Paulista had the worst correlation for hmF2 possibly because this station is situated in the region under the influence of the equatorial ionization anomaly, a region where it is more difficult to apply the RO technique without violating the spherical symmetry condition.     

Metallic and Oxidized Aluminum Debris Impacting the Trailing Edge of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF)

A total of 87 microcraters >30 m in diameter that were found in gold substrates exposed on the trailing edge of the non-spinning Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) yielded analyzable projectile residues in their interiors. Using qualitative SEM-EDS analysis methods, some 60 of these craters were formed by natural cosmic-dust particles, while 27 residues (31%) were assigned to orbital debris (Hörz et al., 1993). The far majority of the orbital-debris impacts, 24 (89%) of the 27 events, contained only aluminum in their X-ray spectra. The present study evaluates these aluminum-rich residues in detail and employs a windowless X-ray detector, which permits for the analysis of low-Z elements and specifically of oxygen. This makes it possible to discriminate between oxidized (Al₂O₃) and metallic (Al) projectiles from dramatically different sources, the former produced during solid-fuel rocket firings, the latter resulting from explosively or collisionally disrupted spacecraft.Of the 24 craters analyzed with the windowless detector, 13 (54%) contained Al₂O₃ and 11 (46%) yielded structurally disintegrated Al metal. The oxidized residues preferentially occur in the smaller craters, all <60 m in diameter. Corresponding particles on LDEF's trailing edge are <35 m in diameter. Some 70% of this particle population is composed of Al₂O₃. Although solid-fuel rocket exhaust products are typically <5 m in size, they tend to coagulate into crusts at the rocket nozzle to be shed occasionally as relatively large, aggregate particles. Structurally disintegrated, metallic fragments compose one-third of all particles <35 m, but they dominate all particles >35 m, and thus all craters >60 m. These findings clearly establish that solid-rocket exhaust particles, as well as explosively or collisionally produced debris, exist in low-inclination, high-eccentricity orbits in sufficient quantities that they must be accounted for in models describing the present and future orbital-debris population at typical Shuttle and Space Station altitudes.     

北斗专列—CZ 3A系列火箭发展回顾和未来展望

CZ-3A系列运载火箭承担了北斗工程,包括北斗一号、北斗二号和北斗三号的全部发射任务,被称为“北斗专列”。在北斗工程历时26年的研制过程中,CZ-3A系列火箭突破了一系列关键技术,使火箭具备了从地球同步转移轨道(GTO)到倾斜同步转移轨道(IGTO)、中圆转移轨道(MTO),从一箭一星发射至转移轨道,到一箭双星发射至转移轨道,再到一箭双星直接发射入轨的发射能力,实现了跨越发展。满足了北斗工程的发射任务需求,北斗工程共计44箭、59星,CZ-3A系列火箭发射均获得了圆满成功,成功率达到了100%。     

均匀金属微滴打印大高径比金属针肋及其形貌预测

散热器是航天器热控系统的核心部件,采用金属微针肋阵列结构的散热器具有优良性能,能够极大提升散热效率。但微小金属针肋结构有大长径比、弱刚度的特点,切削或铸造等传统成形方法存在切削受力变形、难以填充型腔或脱模等不利因素,使得微针肋阵列高径比受到制约。本文提出均匀金属微滴3D打印直接成形大高径比金属微针肋方法,研究了基板温度、液滴沉积温度与液滴最终形貌的关系,建立了沉积液滴形貌以及微针肋轮廓预测模型,实现了针肋形貌的预测。在相应参数下以锡铅合金为材料进行了微滴打印试验,打印出直径为394μm、高径比超过100的金属微针肋,为将来航天器用高效微针肋散热器的3D打印新途径奠定了基础。     

Si3N4/TC4活性钎焊连接机理与性能

针对Si_3N_4/TC4复合结构钎焊连接问题,研究了钎料和母材中活性元素Ti对Si_3N_4/TC4接头润湿性、界面结合机制和力学性能的影响。进行了润湿、接头显微组织分析和剪切强度试验,结果表明:活性元素Ti对于钎料在陶瓷表面的润湿起主要作用,Ag-Cu钎料通过TC4母材中Ti元素的长程扩散进入Si_3N_4界面虽然实现润湿,但形成的反应产物并不明显,陶瓷/钎料界面成为断裂薄弱区域。Ag-Cu-Ti钎料中Ti元素在Si_3N_4一侧界面富集形成TiN+Ti_5Si_3反应层,对钎料在陶瓷界面润湿性和接头断裂脆性都具有改善作用,接头剪切强度达到267.3 MPa。