An improved approach to model regional ionosphere and accelerate convergence for precise point positioning

Given the severe effects of the ionosphere on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals, single-frequency (SF) precise point positioning (PPP) users can only achieve decimeter-level positioning results. Ionosphere-free combinations can eliminate the majority of ionospheric delay, but increase observation noise and slow down dual-frequency (DF) PPP convergence. In this paper, we develop a regional ionosphere modeling and rapid convergence approach to improve SF PPP (SFPPP) accuracy and accelerate DF PPP (DFPPP) convergence speed. Instead of area model, ionospheric delay is modeled for each satellite to be used as a priori correction. With the ionospheric, wide-lane uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) and residuals satellite DCBs product, the wide-lane observations for DF users change to be high-precision pseudorange observations. The validation of a continuously operating reference station (CORS) network was analyzed. The experimental results confirm that the approach considerably improves the accuracy of SFPPP. For DF users, convergence time is substantially reduced.     

基于铸件热应力及变形的人工神经网络和遗传算法优化方法

将神经网络与遗传算法相结合,以有限元分析得到的样本集合作为教师样本,通过神经网络的训练建立设计参数与控制目标的非线性映射关系,并以此代替后续的有限元分析,获得遗传算法求解优化问题迭代中所需的目标函数近似值。以Al-4.5%Cu应力框为例,在分析铸件热应力及变形机理的基础上,对应力杆的高度、宽度和粗细杆截面比、浇注温度、界面换热系数和砂型的预热温度6个参数进行优化,从而有效地控制铸件内部的热应力及变形。优化结果表明:此方法在较少的有限元计算情况下即可获得较好的优化解,与初始设计相比,弯曲变形和热应力分别降低了58.5%和40.6%。     

Rapid local ionosphere modeling based on Precise Point Positioning over Iran: A case study under 2014 solar maximum

Presently, the ionosphere effect is the main source of the error in the Global Positioning System (GPS) observations. This effect can largely be removed by using the two-frequency measurements, while to obtain the reasonable results in the single-frequency applications, an accurate ionosphere model is required. Since the global ionosphere models do not meet our needs everywhere, the local ionosphere models are developed. In this paper, a rapid local ionosphere model over Iran is presented. For this purpose, the GPS observations obtained from 40 GPS stations of the Iranian Permanent GPS Network (IPGN) and 16 other GPS stations around Iran have been used. The observations have been selected under 2014 solar maximum, from the days 058, 107, 188 and 271 of the year 2014 with different geomagnetic activities. Moreover, ionospheric observables based on the precise point positioning (PPP) have been applied to model the ionosphere. To represent our ionosphere model, the B-spline basis functions have been employed and the variance component estimation (VCE) method has been used to regularize the problem.To show the efficiency our PPP-derived local ionosphere model with respect to the International GNSS Service (IGS) global models, these models are applied on the single point positioning using single-frequency observations and their results are compared with the precise coordinates obtained from the double-differenced solution using dual-frequency observations. The results show that the 95th percentile of horizontal and vertical positioning errors of the single-frequency point positioning are about 3.1 and 13.6?m, respectively, when any ionosphere model are not applied. These values significantly improve when the ionosphere models are applied in the solutions. Applying CODE’s Rapid Global ionosphere map (CORG), improvements of 59% and 81% in horizontal and vertical components are observed. These values for the IGS Global ionosphere map (IGSG) are 70% and 82%, respectively. The best results are obtained from our local ionosphere model, where 84% and 87% improvements in horizontal and vertical components are observed. These results confirm the efficiency of our local ionosphere model over Iran with respect to the global models. As a by-product, the Differential Code Biases (DCBs) of the receivers are also estimated. In this line, we found that the intra-day variations of the receiver DCBs could be significant. Therefore, these variations must be taken into account for the precise ionosphere modeling.     

Differential code bias estimation based on uncombined PPP with LEO onboard GPS observations

Differential Code Bias (DCB) is an essential correction that must be provided to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) users for precise position determination. With the continuous deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, DCB estimation using observations from GNSS receivers onboard the LEO satellites is drawing increasing interests in order to meet the growing demands on high-quality DCB products from LEO-based applications, such as LEO-based GNSS signal augmentation and space weather research. Previous studies on LEO-based DCB estimation are usually using the geometry-free combination of GNSS observations, and it may suffer from significant leveling errors due to non-zero mean of multipath errors and short-term variations of receiver code and phase biases. In this study, we utilize the uncombined Precise Point Positioning (PPP) model for LEO DCB estimation. The models for uncombined PPP-based LEO DCB estimation are presented and GPS observations acquired from receivers onboard three identical Swarm satellites from February 1 to 28, 2019 are used for the validation. The results show that the average Root Mean Square errors (RMS) of the GPS satellite DCBs estimated with onboard data from each of the three Swarm satellites using the uncombined PPP model are less than 0.18 ns when compared to the GPS satellite DCBs obtained from IGS final daily Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) products. Meanwhile, the corresponding average RMS of GPS satellite DCBs estimated with the conventional geometry-free model are 0.290, 0.210, 0.281 ns, respectively, which are significantly larger than those obtained with the uncombined PPP model. It is also noted that the estimated GPS satellite DCBs by Swarm A and C satellites are highly correlated, likely attributed to their similar orbit type and space environment. On the other hand, the Swarm receiver DCBs estimated with uncombined PPP model, with Standard Deviation (STD) of 0.065, 0.037 and 0.071 ns, are more stable than those obtained from the official Swarm Level 2 products with corresponding STD values of 0.115, 0.101, and 0.109 ns, respectively. The above indicates that high-quality DCB products can be estimated based on uncombined PPP with LEO onboard observations.     

激光辐照对钢试样疲劳寿命的影响

 讨论了棒形钢试样的疲劳寿命与激光辐照参量、硬度、层深间的关系。     

镍基非晶态及晶态钎料真空钎焊时母材溶解模型特性的研究

以楔形变钎焊间隙试样为对象，研究了采用Ｎｉ８２Ｃｒ７．５Ｓｉ４．５Ｂ３Ｆｅ３成分的镍基非晶态及晶态钎料真空钎焊１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢时液态钎料对固态母材的溶解，建立了高温钎焊时母材溶解厚度（溶解深度）定量计算的物理－数学模型。平行等间隙及楔形变间隙试样真空钎焊试验结果表明，钎焊温度钎焊保温时间及钎焊间隙等参数对母材溶解有重要影响，并表明该模型具有较高的准确性，能够用于研究高温钎焊时钎料对母材的溶解特性，并进行溶蚀性评价。     

暖机对压气机叶片径向变形影响的试验研究

为进一步研究暖机对发动机压气机叶尖间隙变化的具体影响,对不同暖机时间与不暖机情况下压气机叶片的径向变形进行了试验研究.由于在发动机整机试验中叶片径向变形无法测量,选择模拟件进行温度与离心耦合作用下的变形试验.利用两种叶片材料制作板材试样,以台架测试数据为基础,计算出发动机启动及慢车至最大状态过程中叶片的离心力和截面温度...     

化学计量及其在固体推进剂研制中的作用

介绍了化学计量的概念、化学计量标准和化学量值方式的特点；论述了在固体推进剂行业中，化学计量的标准物质、标准方法和计量测试仪器的应用及其对推进剂研制质量保证的重要作用。     

双向应力状态下IC10高温合金的屈服行为研究

 为了研究Ni₃Al基金属间化合物IC10高温合金的屈服行为,对其进行了不同加载路径下的双向拉伸试验.试验采用十字形双向拉伸试验件在Zwick/Roell Z010双向拉伸试验机上进行,得到的最大等效应变为0.02.试验加载方向与材料塑性各向异性主轴重合,采用位移控制方法让两个夹头的加载速率比保持不变,得到不同线性加载路径下的应力-应变曲线.根据单位体积塑性功相等原理获得了IC10合金在双向拉伸应力状态下的屈服轨迹,并与目前常用的几种正交各向异性屈服准则及von Mises屈服准则预测结果进行了对比.结果表明,IC10合金的试验屈服轨迹呈外凸性,以双向等拉线为界的上下部分屈服轨迹不对称,显示出明显的塑性各向异性.各向同性von Mises 屈服准则只包含一个材料常数,无法描述IC10合金的塑性各向异性行为;Hill 二次式屈服准则在双向等拉应力状态附近低估了材料的屈服强度;Logan &; Hosford屈服准则在从双向等拉到横向单拉的应力状态下都低估了材料的屈服强度,与试验结果相差较大.Banabic-Balan屈服准则和Barlat (1989) 屈服准则的预测值与试验结果吻合很好,能很好地描述IC10合金在双向应力状态下的屈服行为.     

基于极限应力分析的十字形双向拉伸试件设计

十字形试件双向拉伸实验是实现复杂加载路径的有效方法,是研究板料后继屈服行为和成形极限可行的实验手段,解决十字形试件中心区的大变形、应力均匀性、应力测量计算方法等是其应用的主要问题.通过试件中心区减薄实现了中心区大变形以致颈缩破裂,给出了3种不同形式的中心区减薄形状,从应力均匀性、最大变形出现位置和避免应力集中等方面进行了优化对比分析,并探讨了计算中心区应力的解析方法.结果表明,中心区方形减薄的十字形试件有更好的中心区应力分布均匀性,更容易实现大变形以致破裂发生在中心区,能较好地控制应力集中,是更适用于板料成形极限应力图研究的实验装备.